Network delay and throughput (Computer Networking) Consider an unreliable transm
ID: 3885121 • Letter: N
Question
Network delay and throughput (Computer Networking)
Consider an unreliable transmission path that connects two communication nodes. The links constituting the path may drop packets but do not introduce bit errors. Assume that any given link has bit rate R_b = 100 Mbps, and that the average packet size is 1000 bits. Compute the probability that a packet gets dropped before reaching its destination knowing that the path to the destination has 10 links, and that the probability a packet gets dropped in any given link is p_d = 10^-3. Give an estimate of the average throughput in this case.Explanation / Answer
transfer of data (a digital bit stream or a digitized analog signal[1]) over a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communication channel. Examples of such channels are copper wires, optical fibers, wireless communication channels, storage media and computer buses. The data are represented as an electromagnetic signal, such as an electrical voltage, radiowave, microwave, or infrared signal.
Analog or analogue transmission is a transmission method of conveying voice, data, image, signal or video information using a continuous signal which varies in amplitude, phase, or some other property in proportion to that of a variable. The messages are either represented by a sequence of pulses by means of a line code (baseband transmission), or by a limited set of continuously varying wave forms (passband transmission), using a digital modulation method. The passband modulation and corresponding demodulation (also known as detection) is carried out by modem equipment. According to the most common definition of digital signal, both baseband and passband signals representing bit-streams are considered as digital transmission, while an alternative definition only considers the baseband signal as digital, and passband transmission of digital data as a form of digital-to-analog conversion.
Data transmitted may be digital messages originating from a data source, for example a computer or a keyboard. It may also be an analog signal such as a phone call or a video signal, digitized into a bit-stream for example using pulse-code modulation (PCM) or more advanced source coding (analog-to-digital conversion and data compression) schemes. This source coding and decoding is carried out by codec equipment.
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