1. What are the four main functions of a computer? 2. List and briefly define th

Question

1. What are the four main functions of a computer?
2. List and briefly define the main structural components of a computer.
3. List and briefly define the main structural components of a processor.
4. Explain Moore’s Law.
5. List and explain the key characteristics of a computer family.
6. Given the memory contents of the IAS computer shown below:

Address Contents
08A 010FA210FB
08B 010FA0F08D
08C 020FA210FB

Show the assembly language code for the program, starting at address 08A. Explain what the
program does.
7. What general categories of functions are specified by computer instruction?
8. In a computer, what is a bus, and what does it connect?
9. What is the maximum directly addressable memory capacity in bytes, if the address bus is 16-
bit? Assume each memory location is one byte.
10. Consider a hypothetical 32-bit microprocessor having 32-bit instructions composed of two
fields, the first byte contains the opcode and the remainder is the operand address.
a. What is the maximum directly addressable memory capacity in bytes? Assume each
memory location is one byte.
b. How many bits are needed for the program counter and the instruction register?
11. Briefly define the following states of an instruction execution as shown in Figure 3.6.
a. Instruction address calculation
b. Instruction fetch
c. Instruction operation decoding
d. Operand address calculation
e. Operand fetch
f. Data operation
g. Operand store

12. The hypothetical machine of Figure 3.4 has two I/O instructions:

0011 = Load AC from I/O
0111 = Store AC to I/O

In these cases, the 12-bit address identifies a particular I/O device. Show the program execution
(using the format of Figure 3.5) for the following program:
1. Load AC from device 5.
2. Add contents of memory location 940.
3. Store AC to device 6.

Assume that the next value retrieved from device 5 is 3 and that location 940 contains a value of 2.

13. Count from 1 to 2010 in the following bases: a. 8, b. 5
14. Convert the following binary numbers to their decimal equivalent:
a. 11100.011 b. 110011.10011
15. Convert the following decimal numbers to their binary equivalent:
a. 34.75 b. 27.1875
16. Convert the following hexadecimal numbers to their decimal equivalent:
a. F.4 b. D3.E
17. Convert the following decimal numbers to their hexadecimal equivalent:
a. 204.125 b.631.25
18. Represent the following decimal numbers in both sign/magnitude and twos complement using
16 bits: +512, -29
19. Represent the following twos complement values in decimal: 1101011; 0101101
20. Assume numbers are represented in 8-bit twos complement representation. Convert to binary
and show the calculation. Also indicate if the operation results in a carry bit, and/or if it is a case
of overflow.
a. 6 + 13 b. -6 + 13 c. 6 – 13 d. -6 - 13
21. Find the following differences using twos complement arithmetic. Also indicate if the operation
results in a carry bit, and/or if it is a case of overflow.
a. 111000 b. 11001100 c. 111100001111 d. 11000011
- 110011 - 101110 - 110011110011 - 11101000
22. Perform the following operations of unsigned integers in Binary:
1001 (9) 110110110111
x 1011 (11)

Explanation / Answer

Question 1

The four main functions of a computer are as follows :-

a.Input

Input can be termed as feeding of data to the system by using the input device like the keyboard,mouse etc

b.Output

Output can be termed as the result shown by the computer on the basis of input provided to it by using the output device like monitor,printer etc.

c.Storage

Storage is one of the important function done by the computer.It helps to store data or other information to the system both temporary and permanent ways.The storage is done on the hard drive which can be both internal or external.

d.Processing

Processing can be termed as the main function that the computer is used for.IT takes the input from the input device and then it works or manipulate the data and displays the result using the output device.

Question 2

The main structural components of a computer are as follows :-

a.CPU - CPU or the Central Processing Unit is the main unit which is referred to as the heart of the computer.It is the one who is responsible for all the operation and the functionality of the computer.

b.I/O Devices - I/O device or the input output device is responsible for the connection between the user and the device.The input device is used to feed data to the system and the output shows the result.

c.Main Memory - Main memory is where we store the data.Data can be stored both in permanent or temporary manner.

d.System connection between them which connects the CPU,the Input/Output device etc.

Question 3

The main structural components of a processor are as follows :-

a.ALU - ALU or the Arithmatic Logic Unit is responsible for all the arithmatic and logical operation which is performed.

b.Contol Unit - Control Unit or CU is the one which takes the instruction and executes them accordingly.

c.Gates - Logic gates are incorporated in the processor to handle the data flow.

d.Registers - These are the on chip memory which are used for storing information and performing the on hand job.

e.Clock and Buses - Clock and Buses are used for the internal signaling and transfering of the data.

Question 4

Moore's Law was made in 1965 by Gordon Moore.THe law states that "The number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits had doubled every year since the integrated circuit was invented.Gordon Moore also forecasted that this trend would continue for the foreseeable future. In subsequent years, the pace slowed down a bit, but data density has doubled approximately every 18 months"

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