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Typical ultrasound consists of about 25 images extracted from a fullmotion ultra

ID: 3868521 • Letter: T

Question

Typical ultrasound consists of about 25 images extracted from a fullmotion ultrasound examination. Each of these images consists of 512 by 512 pixels, each with 8 bit intensity information.

a) Ideally the doctors would like to playback the ultrasounds at 30 frames per second. Assuming that when playing back each ultrasound frame is compressed by a factor of 0.8, what is the data rate required to play the ultrasound?

b) Consider now that this ultrasound needs to be viewed in real-time at a remote location using wireless communication. If the communication system has a signals to noise ration of 30dB and an overhead of 15%, what is the minimum bandwidth required for this communication.

c) Assume a practical error correction method is able to achieve a 75% of the above data rate. How many signal levels are required to achieve this data rate?

Explanation / Answer

Bits in the 25 images:

No of pixels *bits per pixel *no of images=   512*512*8*25

                                                                             =52428800 bytes

a)      Minimum channel capacity:

Channel capacity is usually given in mega bits per second.

One frame per second would take (512 x 512) x 8 x 30 frames per second.

=(512 x 512) x 8 x 30 bytes

=62914560 bytes

Compressed factor = 0.8

After compression, required data rate is = 62914560 * 0.8 = 50331648 bits/sec

b)      Data Rate = 50331648

Signal to Noise Ratio = 30 dB

Overhead = 15%

Bandwidth = x

Bandwidth =

       = = =283115520 Hz

c)      Channel Capacity = Bandwidth * log2n

Here, 2n = Signal Level

log2n = Channel Capacity / Bandwidth = 62914560 / 283115520 =0.222

Taking log both sides

log(log2n) = log(0.222)

2n = 1

Signal Level = 1

Thus, to achieve this data rate, it required only one data signal.