1. Discuss what considerations the computer operator took into account in decidi

Question

1. Discuss what considerations the computer operator took into account in deciding on the sequences in which programs would be run on early computer systems that were manually operated.

2. What conclusions can be drawn about the evolution of operating systems? What causes some operating systems to gain in popularity and others to fade?

3. What are the implications of supporting BSD functionality in user-mode servers within the Mach operating system?

4. What optimizations were used to minimize the discrepancy between CPU and I/O speeds on early computer systems?

5. Consider the page-replacement algorithm used by Atlas. In what waysis it different from the clock algorithm?

Explanation / Answer

1).jobs containing same reqwuirements are taken jointly and run at a time to decrease the set up duration.To the case ,jobs which require same compiler since they are written in similar language and schemed togther in such a method that the compiler could load not more than single time and utilized on both programms.

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2) operating systems that posses found progress in technology of operating systems.i.e progress for a memory management of inter communicaton i.e containing generally the kinds of systems which were famous and containing existence for a duration.UNIX is example to this kind of system which contain unique technological advances for nearly containing nearly 30+ years. the kind of operating systems possses faded form view are uaually systems ,which are much important nor less perfomance.

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3) Mach operating systems enhances the BSD functionalities in user mode servers .if a user generates a BSD Call ,it goes to the kernel mode it then emulates into user level server.a switch is prepared and evaluate the output and copied away into kernel space.one more switch happens in the actual process that was in kernel mode and process ultimately trasnitions i.e kernel mode to user mode including the output of BSD call.hence to accomplish the BSD Call you need two kernel crossings and two process switches to produce a huge overhead.it was uniquely higher than the price ofBSD Call in enhancing in the kernel.

......................................................................................................................................................................4)spoofing is the The optimization utilized to decrease the discrepancy between CPU and i/o speeding.it overlaps the one job through the computation of another job.spooler is able to read the i/p of one job when printing the result of a discrete job or when executing other job.

......................................................................................................................................................................5) the page reference algorithm utilized in atlas extremely discrete with clock algorithm.it maintains the lane of page that a page is acessed with every time of 1024 instructions or not.

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