packetizing: encapsulating the payload in a network-layer packet at the source a

Question

packetizing: encapsulating the payload in a network-layer packet at the source and decapsulating the payload from the network-layer packet at the destination. Routing: there is more than one route from the source to the destination, the network layer is responsible for finding the best one. Forwarding: The action applied by each router when a packet arrives at one of its interfaces. A router normally use a decision-making table for applying this action. It is called (the forwarding table) or (the routing table).

From I mentioned above what do you understand?

Explanation / Answer

Packetizing:

Encapsulating the payload in a network-layer packet at the source and decapsulating the payload from the network-layer packet at the destination.

Points :-

1) Segments coming from transport layer are dividing to packets based on MTU.

2) MTU is the Maximum Transmission Unit which is a parameter of a network and

   it defines the maximum data that can be transmitted in that network (ex:- 1000 bytes).

3) Suppose Consider a situation that Transport layer segment is of 3000 bytes and our

   network layer MTU is 1000 bytes then at our source the segment is divided in to 3 packets

of 1000 bytes each, this is known as encapsulating the payload in a network-layer packet at the source.

4) At destination these packets will be decapsulated.

Routing:

There is more than one route from the source to the destination, the network layer is responsible for finding the best one.

Points :-

1) Internet is a group of several networks so for a packet at a router it may have several paths to route

   that packet to the destination.

2) Hence the router will pick a optimal route in all so that the cost is less by applying appropriate

   routing algorithms.

Forwarding:

The action applied by each router when a packet arrives at one of its interfaces. A router normally use a decision-making table for applying this action. It is called (the forwarding table) or (the routing table).

Points :-

1) A router has 3 important parts one is input ports and second is forwarding plane and third is output ports.

2)Placing a packet coming from input port to output port is know as forwarding.

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