1. Compute manually the checksums of frame A, frame B, and frame C. Frame A 04 a

Question

1. Compute manually the checksums of frame A, frame B, and frame C.

Frame A 04 a1 51 a 3 22 af 80 00 0b 94 1e 0c 08 00 45 00 0000 00 3c 53 37 00 00 80 01 ed fb c0 a8 01 0a 86 47 abcdef 0020 67 68 69 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e 6f 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 ghijklmn opqrstuv 0030 wabcdefg hi 0040 77 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 Frame B 80 00 0b 94 1e 0c 04 a1 51 a3 22 af 08 00 45 00 0000 00 3c be b8 40 00 40 06 f8 a7 c0 a8 01 01 ce a8 0010 01 0a 0f 0a 0b 35 72 79 52 8a 00 00 00 00 a0 02 ...5ry R. 0020 16 do ce 19 00 00 02 04 05 b4 04 02 08 0a 13 6a 0030 0040 ec 32 00 00 00 00 01 03 03 02 Frame C ff ff ff ff ff ff 04 a1 51 a 22 af 08 00 45 00 0000 00 c9 a7 a6 40 00 40 11 do d4 c0 a8 01 01 ff ff .2.2 0010 ff f f 04 13 1c ff 00 b5 77 57 4b 41 4e 4e 4f 55 0020 WWKANNOU 25 4e 000 000 00 00 00 04 a1 51 a 3 22 af 57 4e 44 %N. Q. WND 0030 0040 52 33 38 30 30 00 00 00 00 000 00 00 00 57 4e 44 R3800 WND 0050 52 33 38 30 30 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 R3800 0060 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0070 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0080 00 31 2e 30 32 2e 30 32 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1.02.02 0090 00 00 00 00 000 000 00 01 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 02 00a0 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00c0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

Explanation / Answer

Frame A:

04 - 00000100

a1 - 10100001 adding 04 and a1 => 00000100+10100001 =010100101

51 - 01010001 Now adding the result with 51 => 010100101+01010001 = 011110110

a3 - 10100011 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current (a3) = 0110011001

22 - 00100010 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0110111011

af – 10101111 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01001101010

80 – 10000000 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01011101010

00 – 00000000 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01011101010

0b – 00001011 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01011110101

94 - 10010100 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01110001001

1e - 00011110 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01110100111

0c - 00001100 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01110110011

08 - 00001000 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01110111011

00 - 00000000 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01110111011

45 - 01000101 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 10000000000

00 - 00000000 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 10000000000

00 - 00000000 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 10000000000

3c - 00111100 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 010000111100

53 - 01010011 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 010010001111

37 - 00110111 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 010011000110

00 - 00000000 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 010011000110

00 - 00000000 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 010011000110

80 - 10000000 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 010101000110

01 - 00000001 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 010101000111

ed - 11101101 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 011000110100

fb - 11111011 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 011100101111

c0 - 11000000 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 011111101111

a8 - 10101000 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0100010010111

01 - 00000001 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0100010011000

0a - 00001010 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0100010100010

86 - 10000110 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0100100101000

47 - 01000111 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0100101101111

b1 - 10110001 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0101000100000

94 - 10010100 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0101010110100

08 - 00001000 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0101010111100

00 - 00000000 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0101010111100

4d - 01001101 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0101100001001

3e - 00111110 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0101101000111    

00 - 00000000 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0101101000111

01 - 00000001 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0101101001000

00 - 00000000 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0101101001000

1d - 00011101 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0101101100101

61 - 01100001 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0101111000110

62 - 01100010 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0110000101000

63 - 01100011 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0110010001011

64 - 01100100 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0110011101111

65 - 01100101 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0110101010100

66 - 01100110 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0110110111010

67 - 01100111 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0111000100001

68 - 01101000 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0111010001001

69 - 01101001 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0111011110010

6a - 01101010 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0111101011100

6b - 01101011 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 0111111000111

6c - 01101100 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01000000110011

6d - 01101101 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01000010100000

6e - 01101110 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01000100001110

6f - 01101111 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01000101111101

70 - 01110000 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01000111101101

71 - 01110001 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01001001011110

72 - 01110010 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01001011010000

73 - 01110011 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01001101000011

74 - 01110100 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01001110110111

75 - 01110101 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01010000101100

76 - 01110110 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01010010100010

77 - 01110111 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01010100011001

61 - 01100001 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01010101111010

62 - 01100010 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01010111011100

63 - 01100011 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01011000111111

64 - 01100100 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01011010100011

65 - 01100101 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01011100001000

66 - 01100110 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01011101101110

67 - 01100111 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01011111010101

68 - 01101000 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01100000111101

69 - 01101001 Similarly, taking previous result and adding to current = 01100010100110

Checksum of frame A is "01100010100110" -- "18A6"

similarily we can calculate checksum of frame B and frame C.

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