File to edit sprintf ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ #sprintf! #$a0 has the pointer to the buf
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File to edit
sprintf
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
#sprintf!
#$a0 has the pointer to the buffer to be printed to
#$a1 has the pointer to the format string
#$a2 and $a3 have (possibly) the first two substitutions for the format string
#the rest are on the stack
#return the number of characters (ommitting the trailing '') put in the buffer
.text
sprintf:
jr $ra #this sprintf implementation rocks!
SUPPLEMENTARY CODE
spf-string
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
######################################################################
# spf-main.s
#
# This is the main function that tests the sprintf function
# The "data" segment is a static memory area where we can
# allocate and initialize memory for our program to use.
# This is separate from the stack or the heap, and the allocation
# cannot be changed once the program starts. The program can
# write data to this area, though.
.data
# Note that the directives in this section will not be
# translated into machine language. They are instructions
# to the assembler, linker, and loader to set aside (and
# initialize) space in the static memory area of the program.
# The labels work like pointers-- by the time the code is
# run, they will be replaced with appropriate addresses.
# For this program, we will allocate a buffer to hold the
# result of your sprintf function. The asciiz blocks will
# be initialized with null-terminated ASCII strings.
buffer: .space 2000 # 2000 bytes of empty space
# starting at address 'buffer'
format: .asciiz "string: %5.5s %5.5s "# null-terminated string of
# ascii bytes. Note that the
# counts as one byte: a newline
# character.
str1: .asciiz "abcdefg" # null-terminated string at
# address 'str1'
str2: .asciiz "abc" # null-terminated string at
# address 'str2'
chrs: .asciiz " characters: " # null-terminated string at
# address 'chrs'
# The "text" of the program is the assembly code that will
# be run. This directive marks the beginning of our program's
# text segment.
.text
# The sprintf procedure (really just a block that starts with the
# label 'sprintf') will be declared later. This is like a function
# prototype in C.
.globl sprintf
# The special label called "__start" marks the start point
# of execution. Later, the "done" pseudo-instruction will make
# the program terminate properly.
main:
addi $sp,$sp,-20 # reserve stack space
# $v0 = sprintf(buffer, format, str1, str2)
la $a0,buffer # arg 0 <- buffer
la $a1,format # arg 1 <- format
la $a2,str1 # arg 2 <- str1
la $a3,str2 # arg 3 <- str2
sw $ra,16($sp) # save return address
jal sprintf # $v0 = sprintf(...)
# print the return value from sprintf using
# putint()
add $a0,$v0,$0 # $a0 <- $v0
jal putint # putint($a0)
## output the string 'chrs' then 'buffer' (which
## holds the output of sprintf)
li $v0, 4
la $a0, chrs
syscall
#puts chrs # output string chrs
li $v0, 4
la $a0, buffer
syscall
#puts buffer # output string buffer
addi $sp,$sp,20 # restore stack
li $v0, 10 # terminate program
syscall
# putint writes the number in $a0 to the console
# in decimal. It uses the special command
# putc to do the output.
# Note that putint, which is recursive, uses an abbreviated
# stack. putint was written very carefully to make sure it
# did not disturb the stack of any other functions. Fortunately,
# putint only calls itself and putc, so it is easy to prove
# that the optimization is safe. Still, we do not recommend
# taking shortcuts like the ones used here.
# HINT: You should read and understand the body of putint,
# because you will be doing some similar conversions
# in your own code.
putint: addi $sp,$sp,-8 # get 2 words of stack
sw $ra,0($sp) # store return address
# The number is printed as follows:
# It is successively divided by the base (10) and the
# reminders are printed in the reverse order they were found
# using recursion.
remu $t0,$a0,10 # $t0 <- $a0 % 10
addi $t0,$t0,'0' # $t0 += '0' ($t0 is now a digit character)
divu $a0,$a0,10 # $a0 /= 10
beqz $a0,onedig # if( $a0 != 0 ) {
sw $t0,4($sp) # save $t0 on our stack
jal putint # putint() (putint will deliberately use and modify $a0)
lw $t0,4($sp) # restore $t0
# }
onedig: move $a0, $t0
li $v0, 11
syscall # putc #$t0
#putc $t0 # output the digit character $t0
lw $ra,0($sp) # restore return address
addi $sp,$sp, 8 # restore stack
jr $ra # return
spf-main
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
######################################################################
# spf-main.s
#
# This is the main function that tests the sprintf function
# The "data" segment is a static memory area where we can
# allocate and initialize memory for our program to use.
# This is separate from the stack or the heap, and the allocation
# cannot be changed once the program starts. The program can
# write data to this area, though.
.data
# Note that the directives in this section will not be
# translated into machine language. They are instructions
# to the assembler, linker, and loader to set aside (and
# initialize) space in the static memory area of the program.
# The labels work like pointers-- by the time the code is
# run, they will be replaced with appropriate addresses.
# For this program, we will allocate a buffer to hold the
# result of your sprintf function. The asciiz blocks will
# be initialized with null-terminated ASCII strings.
buffer: .space 20000 # 2000 bytes of empty space
# starting at address 'buffer'
format: .asciiz "string: %s, unsigned dec: %u, hex: 0x%x, oct: 0%o, dec: %d "
# null-terminated string of
# ascii bytes. Note that the
# counts as one byte: a newline
# character.
str: .asciiz "thirty-nine" # null-terminated string at
# address 'str'
chrs: .asciiz " characters: " # null-terminated string at
# address 'chrs'
# The "text" of the program is the assembly code that will
# be run. This directive marks the beginning of our program's
# text segment.
.text
# The sprintf procedure (really just a block that starts with the
# label 'sprintf') will be declared later. This is like a function
# prototype in C.
.globl sprintf
# The special label called "__start" marks the start point
# of execution. Later, the "done" pseudo-instruction will make
# the program terminate properly.
main:
addi $sp,$sp,-32 # reserve stack space
# $v0 = sprintf(buffer, format, str, 255, 255, 250, -255)
la $a0,buffer # arg 0 <- buffer
la $a1,format # arg 1 <- format
la $a2,str # arg 2 <- str
addi $a3,$0,255 # arg 3 <- 255
sw $a3,16($sp) # arg 4 <- 255
addi $t0,$0,250
sw $t0,20($sp) # arg 5 <- 250
addi $t0,$0,-255
sw $t0,24($sp) # arg 6 <- -255
sw $ra,28($sp) # save return address
jal sprintf # $v0 = sprintf(...)
# print the return value from sprintf using
# putint()
add $a0,$v0,$0 # $a0 <- $v0
jal putint # putint($a0)
## output the string 'chrs' then 'buffer' (which
## holds the output of sprintf)
li $v0, 4
la $a0, chrs
syscall
#puts chrs # output string chrs
li $v0, 4
la $a0, buffer
syscall
#puts buffer # output string buffer
addi $sp,$sp,32 # restore stack
li $v0, 10 # terminate program
syscall
# putint writes the number in $a0 to the console
# in decimal. It uses the special command
# putc to do the output.
# Note that putint, which is recursive, uses an abbreviated
# stack. putint was written very carefully to make sure it
# did not disturb the stack of any other functions. Fortunately,
# putint only calls itself and putc, so it is easy to prove
# that the optimization is safe. Still, we do not recommend
# taking shortcuts like the ones used here.
# HINT: You should read and understand the body of putint,
# because you will be doing some similar conversions
# in your own code.
putint: addi $sp,$sp,-8 # get 2 words of stack
sw $ra,0($sp) # store return address
# The number is printed as follows:
# It is successively divided by the base (10) and the
# reminders are printed in the reverse order they were found
# using recursion.
remu $t0,$a0,10 # $t0 <- $a0 % 10
addi $t0,$t0,'0' # $t0 += '0' ($t0 is now a digit character)
divu $a0,$a0,10 # $a0 /= 10
beqz $a0,onedig # if( $a0 != 0 ) {
sw $t0,4($sp) # save $t0 on our stack
jal putint # putint() (putint will deliberately use and modify $a0)
lw $t0,4($sp) # restore $t0
# }
onedig: move $a0, $t0
li $v0, 11
syscall # putc #$t0
#putc $t0 # output the digit character $t0
lw $ra,0($sp) # restore return address
addi $sp,$sp, 8 # restore stack
jr $ra # return
spf-decimal
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
######################################################################
# spf-main.s
#
# This is the main function that tests the sprintf function
# The "data" segment is a static memory area where we can
# allocate and initialize memory for our program to use.
# This is separate from the stack or the heap, and the allocation
# cannot be changed once the program starts. The program can
# write data to this area, though.
.data
# Note that the directives in this section will not be
# translated into machine language. They are instructions
# to the assembler, linker, and loader to set aside (and
# initialize) space in the static memory area of the program.
# The labels work like pointers-- by the time the code is
# run, they will be replaced with appropriate addresses.
# For this program, we will allocate a buffer to hold the
# result of your sprintf function. The asciiz blocks will
# be initialized with null-terminated ASCII strings.
buffer: .space 2000 # 2000 bytes of empty space
# starting at address 'buffer'
format: .asciiz "string: |%-5d|%-5d|%5d|%5.5d|%+d|%.5d "
# null-terminated string of
# ascii bytes. Note that the
# counts as one byte: a newline
# character.
chrs: .asciiz " characters: " # null-terminated string at
# address 'chrs'
# The "text" of the program is the assembly code that will
# be run. This directive marks the beginning of our program's
# text segment.
.text
# The sprintf procedure (really just a block that starts with the
# label 'sprintf') will be declared later. This is like a function
# prototype in C.
.globl sprintf
# The special label called "__start" marks the start point
# of execution. Later, the "done" pseudo-instruction will make
# the program terminate properly.
main:
addi $sp,$sp,-36 # reserve stack space
# $v0 = sprintf(buffer, format, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
la $a0,buffer # arg 0 <- buffer
la $a1,format # arg 1 <- format
addi $a2,$0,1 # arg 2 <- 1
addi $a3,$0,2 # arg 3 <- 2
addi $t0,$0,3
sw $a3,16($sp) # arg 4 <- 3
addi $t0,$0,4
sw $t0,20($sp) # arg 5 <- 4 ('o', as a character)
addi $t0,$0, 5
sw $t0,24($sp) # arg 6 <- 5
addi $t0,$0, 6
sw $t0,28($sp) # arg 7 <- 6
sw $ra,32($sp) # save return address
jal sprintf # $v0 = sprintf(...)
# print the return value from sprintf using
# putint()
add $a0,$v0,$0 # $a0 <- $v0
jal putint # putint($a0)
## output the string 'chrs' then 'buffer' (which
## holds the output of sprintf)
li $v0, 4
la $a0, chrs
syscall
#puts chrs # output string chrs
li $v0, 4
la $a0, buffer
syscall
#puts buffer # output string buffer
addi $sp,$sp,36 # restore stack
li $v0, 10 # terminate program
syscall
# putint writes the number in $a0 to the console
# in decimal. It uses the special command
# putc to do the output.
# Note that putint, which is recursive, uses an abbreviated
# stack. putint was written very carefully to make sure it
# did not disturb the stack of any other functions. Fortunately,
# putint only calls itself and putc, so it is easy to prove
# that the optimization is safe. Still, we do not recommend
# taking shortcuts like the ones used here.
# HINT: You should read and understand the body of putint,
# because you will be doing some similar conversions
# in your own code.
putint: addi $sp,$sp,-8 # get 2 words of stack
sw $ra,0($sp) # store return address
# The number is printed as follows:
# It is successively divided by the base (10) and the
# reminders are printed in the reverse order they were found
# using recursion.
remu $t0,$a0,10 # $t0 <- $a0 % 10
addi $t0,$t0,'0' # $t0 += '0' ($t0 is now a digit character)
divu $a0,$a0,10 # $a0 /= 10
beqz $a0,onedig # if( $a0 != 0 ) {
sw $t0,4($sp) # save $t0 on our stack
jal putint # putint() (putint will deliberately use and modify $a0)
lw $t0,4($sp) # restore $t0
# }
onedig: move $a0, $t0
li $v0, 11
syscall # putc #$t0
#putc $t0 # output the digit character $t0
lw $ra,0($sp) # restore return address
addi $sp,$sp, 8 # restore stack
jr $ra # return
Explanation / Answer
format: .asciiz "string: |%-5d|%-5d|%5d|%5.5d|%+d|%.5d "
# null-terminated string of
# ascii bytes. Note that the
# counts as one byte: a newline
# character.
chrs: .asciiz " characters: " # null-terminated string at
# address 'chrs'
# The "text" of the program is the assembly code that will
# be run. This directive marks the beginning of our program's
# text segment.
.text
# The sprintf procedure (really just a block that starts with the
# label 'sprintf') will be declared later. This is like a function
# prototype in C.
.globl sprintf
# The special label called "__start" marks the start point
# of execution. Later, the "done" pseudo-instruction will make
# the program terminate properly.
main:
addi $sp,$sp,-36 # reserve stack space
# $v0 = sprintf(buffer, format, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
la $a0,buffer # arg 0 <- buffer
la $a1,format # arg 1 <- format
addi $a2,$0,1 # arg 2 <- 1
addi $a3,$0,2 # arg 3 <- 2
addi $t0,$0,3
sw $a3,16($sp) # arg 4 <- 3
addi $t0,$0,4
sw $t0,20($sp) # arg 5 <- 4 ('o', as a character)
addi $t0,$0, 5
sw $t0,24($sp) # arg 6 <- 5
addi $t0,$0, 6
sw $t0,28($sp) # arg 7 <- 6
sw $ra,32($sp) # save return address
jal sprintf # $v0 = sprintf(...)
# print the return value from sprintf using
# putint()
add $a0,$v0,$0 # $a0 <- $v0
jal putint # putint($a0)
## output the string 'chrs' then 'buffer' (which
## holds the output of sprintf)
li $v0, 4
la $a0, chrs
syscall
#puts chrs # output string chrs
li $v0, 4
la $a0, buffer
syscall
#puts buffer # output string buffer
addi $sp,$sp,36 # restore stack
li $v0, 10 # terminate program
syscall
# putint writes the number in $a0 to the console
# in decimal. It uses the special command
# putc to do the output.
# Note that putint, which is recursive, uses an abbreviated
# stack. putint was written very carefully to make sure it
# did not disturb the stack of any other functions. Fortunately,
# putint only calls itself and putc, so it is easy to prove
# that the optimization is safe. Still, we do not recommend
# taking shortcuts like the ones used here.
# HINT: You should read and understand the body of putint,
# because you will be doing some similar conversions
# in your own code.
putint: addi $sp,$sp,-8 # get 2 words of stack
sw $ra,0($sp) # store return address
# The number is printed as follows:
# It is successively divided by the base (10) and the
# reminders are printed in the reverse order they were found
# using recursion.
remu $t0,$a0,10 # $t0 <- $a0 % 10
addi $t0,$t0,'0' # $t0 += '0' ($t0 is now a digit character)
divu $a0,$a0,10 # $a0 /= 10
beqz $a0,onedig # if( $a0 != 0 ) {
sw $t0,4($sp) # save $t0 on our stack
jal putint # putint() (putint will deliberately use and modify $a0)
lw $t0,4($sp) # restore $t0
# }
onedig: move $a0, $t0
li $v0, 11
syscall # putc #$t0
#putc $t0 # output the digit character $t0
lw $ra,0($sp) # restore return address
addi $sp,$sp, 8 # restore stack
jr $ra # return
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