Question 11 Which of the following statements are true? I) Program run-time envi

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Question 11

Which of the following statements are true?

I) Program run-time environments that provide automatic memory garbage collection eliminate the possibility of run-time errors.

II) Thanks to automatic garbage collection, there is no such thing as a Java NullPointerException.  

III) Garbage collection is a form of automatic memory management that usually provides automatic management of non-memory resources such as file descriptors and semaphores as well.

IV) The moment when the garbage is actually collected can be unpredictable, resulting in stalls scattered throughout a session. Unpredictable stalls can be unacceptable in real-time environments, in transaction processing, or in interactive programs. Incremental, concurrent, and real-time garbage collectors address these problems, with varying trade-offs.  

Question 11 options:

a-

only IV

b-

I, II, III, and IV

c-

I and II

d-

I, III, and IV

e-

III, and IV

Question 12

Which of the following statements are true?

I) Reference counting has been in use since the dawn of computer programming.

II) Reference counting is deterministic..  

III) Reference counting may be used with non memory resources such as file descriptors and semaphores.

IV) Reference counting is used by Microsoft's COM, the Linux Kernel, C++11 std::shared_ptr, most implementations of Python, Objective-C, Swift, and other programming languages.

Question 12 options:

a-

I, II, III, and IV

b-

I and II

c-

II, and III

d-

I, II, and III

e-

II, and IV

Question 13

Select all of the following statements that are true.

Question 13 options:

A)

High level programming languages were created to increase programmer productivity and thereby minimize the cost and schedule of software development.

B)

Programming languages that maximize individual programmer productivity do not always maximize the aggregate productivity of a team of programmers.

C)

To quote Donald Knuth, "Beware of bugs in the above code; I have only proved it correct, not tried it." (http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/faq.html) Programming languages exist that can prove incontrovertibly that non-trivial programs are correct and therefore bug-free.

D)

It is usually impractical or impossible to write "system software" for von Neumann architecture computers without the use of pointers to access memory.

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Question 14 (0.5 points)

Select all of the following statements that are true.

Question 14 options:

A)

The C programming language is effectively a portable "Systems Programming" language.

B)

Edsger Dijkstra's letter, "Go To Statement Considered Harmful," published in the March 1968 Communications of the ACM (CACM), criticized the excessive use of the GOTO statement in programming languages of the day and advocated structured programming instead.

C)

The following two C code blocks are logically equivalent:

{ // Code block 1

int incr = 1;

int sum = 0;

  

while(incr < 20) {

   while(sum <= 100) {

sum += incr;

   }

   incr++;

}

printf("%d ", sum);

   }

   { // Code block 2

int incr = 1;

int sum = 0;

  

loop1: if(incr >= 20) goto out;

loop2: if(sum > 100) goto next;

sum += incr;

goto loop2;

next: incr++;

goto loop1;

out:

  

printf("%d ", sum);

   }

D)

Scheme was developed at MIT in the 1970s and is characterized by small size and its treatment of functions as "first-class entities". As first-class entities, functions can be values of expressions, elements of lists, assigned to variables, passed as parameters, and returned as values.

Question 15

Select all of the following statements that are true.

Question 15 options:

A)

Some programming languages can be interpreted or compiled on a case by case basis.

B)

Some programming languages are not Turing Complete.

C)

Some programming languages expose pointers as if they were numeric values and allow users to perform arithmetic on them. These languages are sometimes referred to as "weakly typed", since pointer arithmetic can be used to bypass the language's type system.

D)

Java compiles source code into Byte Code. Byte Code may be interpreted or translated on the fly (Just In Time Compiled) into machine code.

a-

only IV

b-

I, II, III, and IV

c-

I and II

d-

I, III, and IV

e-

III, and IV

Explanation / Answer

Solutions:

Answer11) d

Answer12) d

Answer13) A

Asnwer14) A and D

Answer15) A, B and D

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