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True, we vaded by an alien race, B e U.S. m ry is a eveloping massive m player virtual online gaming for and purposes. Since 2000, the United States ulation Systel Army S been working with the Department of (DoD, the of Homeland (DHS), and private contractors to create a virtual online gaming platform to train sold ers to master strategic skill needed under fire. and Currently, the U.S. army uses numerous simulation tools o online apps. For example, soldiers about to be deployed Afghanistan ght watch detailed videos of a recen skirm sh to learn techn ey will require to clear a ues building where enemy forces are hi But 2014 e army tested its first avatar-based tiplayer o ne training game that simulates conditio the ground in Afghanistan. The project called MOS military a dense urban center that open simulator enterprise strategy, simulat es a is hoping to fund the project kilometer Afghan terrain into which 700 trainees can providers who will link project their avatars. Soldiers w interact with each other well as with simulated Afghan civilians and enemy combatants. They will have to cooperate as they carry out maneuvers and make good choices, such as which village elders to trust as they collect information they need to maneuver. Unlike other gaming environments in which bullets fly in a straigh ne, ignoring the physics that would determine he course of a real-life bullet, MOSES and its predecessor EDGE (Enhanced Dynamic Geosocial Environment have created a life-like simulation in which objects and people behave as they would in the real world. STTC Director Douglas Maxwell and his team of government and private engineers have developed a flexible virtual environm using artificial intelligence and advanced computational steering of objects. For example, soldiers' avatars work disarm improvised explosive devices (EDs), Mos with regard to Internet con- environment even captures real-time terrain warping in response to an explod ng IED. rniers do companies face when As teams are working to develop MosES, EDGE s that are located in different technology has already been adapted to develop another companies like S help roject that will service federal, state, and local emergency agencies and private sector partners across the nation in the Active of a terrorist threat. The project, called virtual Traning trains Shooter Response, is an online gaming syste first responders for active shooter incidents. pilot Sacramento police and fi re departments the first to the were a scenario n which a rogram n 2013. Tra nees were placed in bot n a hotel sets om a fire. Terrorists are position pick g off people as ey try to make it to safety. game featured a realistic replica of a popular Sacramento with a lobby, restaurant and 27 guest room floors, a bar ballrooms different basement, and two main entrances. Teams from Sacramento city d police, fire, and epartments, emergency medical had to work together to rough a simulations in work computer-generated simulation, this product Ons ovators like Skyvision or Google k governments and internationa ake ming the digital ral Africa? oogle to int ovember 21, 2013: "Lift ng Ba October 2013; Int conv accessed Deceml Agro-industrial Group Bankin ng & we Oil & Gas Co rporation ctually being in the fiel Researchers have fantasy games tend to depression, allow lems. EDGE indica be able to produce gar necessary to succeed it Discussion Questio 1. What purposes oday? What pu future? 2, What advantage have over other Critical Thinking Q 1. Do massive mul in today's societ What types of t player games th SOURCES: Hugh, Lessig. uses gaming and apps to http/larticles dailpress co -20120128.1 training -tool Korolov, Maria, Ann March 25, 2013, www.net Virtual Worlds For Militar www.info ormatiomugieek.co -virtual-rrorlds for militar "Fighting Bombs in Cyber Forces Press Service, US defense go Nets News DHS join forces for virtual Now ember 21, 2013, esponders to respond to November 20, 2013, uww NOTES urces for the Opel switches Reduce the Eternity sales Web sit December 15, 2013 existing cables, Succ www.westermo.com/r alldocr uments DF212 accessed December Thom, "Man vs Mach CNN, December 8, 20 2013: xiang Liu Xian Christopher P. L. An Derailment and Their ransportation Resear Transporta Web si ccessed De ecember

Explanation / Answer

Ans 1.Some of the advantages of using the Virtual Training Active Shooter Response program to train police officers are:-
a) This program helps teams from different departments like the Police Department, Fire Department, the Emergency Medical Services, etc to work more efficiently with each other. This is because the indiviuals in these departments would train with each other as if responding to real-life crises without actually being on the field. This would help them improve their communication, build rapport and pick up skill they would not have picked up otherwise in training. So they will be better prepared to work together efficiently when faced with crises in the real world when they have already trained together in the virtual one.
b) Since this system makes use of replicas of real places that the trainees may actually be in while responding to crises, they will gain knowledge of the layout, etc of the place and so be better prepared to formulate effective strategies more quickly to resolve the said crises; potentially saving a greater number of lives.
c) Training on this program would help build up the confidence of the trainees as they would be trained to respond to life-like scenarios on it.
d) The long-term costs of training can also potentially come down as the cost of providing and maintaining real infrastructure like training grounds, ammuition, etc can come down in the long run.
e) Trainees would be at reduced risk of injury while training on the virtual system.
Some of the disadvantages of this system are:-
a)Reduced risk of injury during training may cause the trainees to be inadequately prepared for some of the risks actually faced in real-life crises.
b) A virtual training simulation may not necessarily prepare the trainees for real life situations that would require on the spot communicating or negotiating with culprits that may be required to reduce casualties.
c) A virtual training environment is always different from the real one and training on it may lead to overconfidence and some recklessness in trainees when facing real-life crises.

Ans 2. Let's consider five forces of Porter's competitive model while deciding whether or not to invest in developing new apps for vitrual training.
a) Competition in the industry- Virtual training simulation is still a niche market. This would be the right time to enter into it as there isn't much competition currently as compared to the purely video game market.
b) Potential of new entrants- This potential is less as the cost involved in setting up the infrastructure and getting specilazed staff and equipment to develop a virtual training system is high.
c) Power of suppliers- Some specialized equipment may be required but most of the infrastructure already exisiting to develop video games can be utilized for developing the virtual training application. There are multiple vendors both onshore and overseas that can provide any specialized equipment required.
d)Power of Customers- Since the main customers for such a system will be government bodies, the realistic chance of their driving down prices is less. However, they can easily switch to a different vendor so the price must still be competitive. Private security firms can also be tapped as potential customers. Once the company has entered the virtual training market it can develop various training applications for training for various activities like mountaineering, flying, etc which will have a much wider customer base.
e) Threat of Substitutes- This is also less, considering the cost involved in setting up the infrastructure for developing such a system.

Considering the above points, if I were the CEO of a video game develment company, I would definitely consider investing in developing new applications for the virtual training market.

Ans 3. Considering the the five forces of Porter's competitive model:-
a) Competition in the industry- There are a number of shooter video games available in the market with new ones being released every year. However the USP of this game would be that it is based on an app used in training real officers and so can provide more realistic and exciting game-play.
b) Potential for new entrants- There is always potential for new entrants in this industry. as stated in the last point, new shooter games are released every year.
c) Power of Suppliers- This wouldn't be any more than it already is for the company as we wouldn't require any new suppliers and the exisiting infrastrucutre can be used to modify and develop the video game.
d) Power of Customers- The customer base for a video game is much larger than that of the virtual training app. Howerever, due to the large number of competitors, the customer can easily switch to a different vendor.
e) Threat of substitutes- This is high as the chances of a competing company copying features and releasing a substitute is high.
However, the wider client base and potential market for a life-like video game seem to outweigh the risks involved. So,if I were the CEO of the company that developed the Virtual Active Shooter program, I would consider releasing a modified version of the program as a video game.

Ans 4. Some of the negative social effects of multiplayer online fantasy games are:-
a) These games can be addictive and lead to the player getting less and less involved in the real world.
b) If children get addicted to such games the development of their social skills in the real world can be seriously hampered.
c) They can lead the player to retreat into the virtual world avoid solving real life problems that they may be facing.
d) Studies have shown that these games can lead to depression in the players.
Some of the positive social effects of multiplayer online fantasy games are:-
a) Since players playing these games can be located anywhere in the world, such games can help interaction of people from diverse backgrounds and cultures.
b) Some games can be developed to help the players gain skill useful in the real world.
c) As long as the player is disciplined and does not get addicted, such games can provide a sometimes much needed welcome break from the real world. This would help in the overall mental health of the player thus improving their social interactions in real life.

Hope this helps!

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