Suppose the branch frequencies (as percentages of all instructions) are as follo

Question

Suppose the branch frequencies (as percentages of all instructions) are as follows: Conditional branches 15% Jumps and calls 1% Taken conditional branches 60% are taken a. We are examining a 4-stage-deep pipeline where the branch is resolved at the end of the second cycle for unconditional branches and at the end of the third cycle for conditional branches. Assuming that only the first pipe stage can always be done independent of where the branch goes and ignoring other pipeline stalls, how much faster would the machine be without any branch (control) hazards? b. Now assume a high-performance processor in which we have a 15-stage-deep pipeline where the branch is resolved at the end of the fifth cycle for unconditional branches and at the end of the tenth cycle for conditional branches. Assuming that only the first pipe stage can always be done independent of where the branch goes and ignoring other pipeline stalls, how much faster would the machine be without any branch (control) hazards?

Explanation / Answer

Suppose the branch frequencies (as percentages of all instructions) are as follo

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