1.) In your own words, what is the difference between Transport Control Protocol
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Question
1.) In your own words, what is the difference between Transport Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP)? Also give some examples of services that use TCP and UDP.
2.) PC1 is assigned the IP address 192.168.13.8 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.224. PC1 sends a packet to PC2 which has an IP address of 192.168.13.65. Is PC1 (192.168.13.8) and PC2 (192.168.13.65) in the same subnet based on the subnet mask of PC1 (255.255.255.224)?
3.)The subnet mask 255.255.255.128 is applied to a packet with a destination IP address of 192.168.12.235. What subnet network address is the packet sent to?
4.)Please answer all three of the following scenarios (a,b,c). If the subnet mask of 255.255.255.240 is applied to each of the following IP addresses. What subnet network address are packets sent to?
10.20.35.96
10.50.35.102
192.168.112.234
5.)Assuming that you are given a class B address, complete the table shown below:
# of borrowed (mask) bits
Subnet Mask
# of subnets
# of hosts per subnet
7
5
10
2
12
6.) Given an IP address of 193.10.10.0 create 4 equal sized subnets, and list the Network/Broadcast Address for each.
Determine the network address and the broadcast address for each of the 4 subnets.
Network Address(the subnet)
Broadcast Address
1st subnet
2nd subnet
3rd subnet
4th subnet
What is the subnet Mask: ___ . ___ . ___ . ___
How many usable host IPs per subnet: ____________________
# of borrowed (mask) bits
Subnet Mask
# of subnets
# of hosts per subnet
7
5
10
2
12
Explanation / Answer
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1.) In your own words, what is the difference between Transport Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP)? Also give some examples of services that use TCP and UDP.
Answer)
The TCP/IP is the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol which is a protocol suite for connecting to devices on the Internet. Thus the protocol is used by any networking devices that want to interconnect another computer and the protocol can also be used as a communication protocol in the network. TCP/IP determines that how the information is exchanged over the Internet and how does it provide the end-to-end communications by breaking transmission into packets, and addressed, then transmitted and routed and received at the destination. TCP/IP makes networks reliable and thus we can recover messages and packets that we have lost in the transmission. Messages are transmitted as packets in the TCP/IP protocol by breaking a message into several packets, and then they are re-assembled at the destination. The IP address is a unique address in the TCP/IP protocol which uniquely defines each computer or networking device in the network, thus IP will define how to address and route the packet to the destination, thus the message is forwarded to the destination IP address only. TCP/IP is thus a client-server model of communication where a client is served by a server on the network. TCP/IP is also a stateless protocol which means each client request is considered new and unrelated to the old requests.
UDP is User Datagram Protocol where it enables the process-to-process communication. UDP is a connectionless protocol whereas TCP is a connection-oriented protocol. TCP allows for the host-to-host communication and is thus reliable than UDP. UDP sends messages, called datagrams whereas in TCP it sends messages as packets. TCP allows flow and error control but UDP doesn't have any such. UDP can send packets with much lesser bandwidth overhead and latency. Thus with UDP packets may take different paths between sender and receiver and thus can be lost or be received out of order.
UDP is mainly used in applications and communications in networking where latency is critical such as in gaming, VoIP calls, video communications, etc. All of these services using UDP can afford to suffer some data loss without affecting quality. TCP applications are such as SMTP for sending mail, IMAP/POP for receiving mail, SSH, FTP, telnet, etc. where reliable host-to-host delivery of messages is required and order is very necessary.
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