Perform research on the following topics and questions. Write a reflection respo

Question

Perform research on the following topics and questions. Write a reflection responding to the following topics below. The paper should be in MLA format, double spaced and a minimum of 2 pages in length. » Explain the following types of data measurements o Bits o Bytes o Megabytes o Frames o Packets o Gigabytes Describe a MAC Address o Provide examples of how it is used o Explain how addresses are issued o What layer of the OSI model does Mac Addresses operate? o What are the limitations of MAC Addresses?

Explanation / Answer

The smallest amount of transfer done

is called one bit. It holds the value of a 1 or 0 which is known as Binary coding.

1 bit = a 1 or 0

4 bits = 1 nybble

8 bits = 1 byte

As seen in above bits, Eight of these 1's and zero's are called a byte.

How the byte came into scenario? Its because earlier computers used only 8 bits at a time and it was obvious to start writing a code of 8 bits. These came to be called a Byte.

Hence, 1 byte = 8 bits

The MB or megabyte here, mega means one million i.e., 1,000,000. (one million). 1024 kilobytes is called one Megabyte because One megabyte is 1024 x 1024 bytes.

Actually 1 kilobyte is 1024 bytes, and (1024 x 1024) is 1048576 bytes. Hence, in short 1 Megabyte is really 1,048,576 bytes.  

1 GB= one billion bytes 1,000,000,000 (one billion) bytes

In short ,

1 bit = a 1 or 0 (represented by a small letter ‘b’ )
4 bits = 1 nibble (represented by ‘?’ )
8 bits = 1 byte (represented by ‘capital B’)
1024 bytes = 1 Kilobyte (represented by ‘KB’)
1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte (represented by ‘MB’)
1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte (represented by ‘GB’)
1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte (represented by ‘TB’)

Frames simply the units at data link layer , extracts message from sender and provide it to receiver by providing sender's and receiver's address. It includes source and destination MAC address.

Example: Wifi, Ethernet, Bluetooth etc

Where packets are the unit of data in the Network layer. It includes source and destination IP address. Packet is encapsulated within a frame.

Frames and Packets function as a protocol data units utilized on the different layer of OSI. In the n/w layer segments are there which are divided into fragments known as packets.These packets are encapsulated in frames.

Describe MAC address

MAC is an abbreviation for Media Access Control.

It is a unique identifier for network interfaces such as an Ethernet or network adapter over a network. It is used as a network address for most IEEE 802 network technologies

It is also known as the burned-in address (BIA) ,the Ethernet hardware address (EHA), Physical address. Some of its applications are the Ethernet, 802.11 wireless networks and Bluetooth.

Mac are used as a network address for most IEEE 802 n/w technology.

MAC is used within a n/w to find the device to which the packet is to be forwarded.

Examples includes

- Ethernet is an example of a protocol that works at the Media Access Control layer level.

- MAC using in

Windows vista, windows 7 also

If the particular computer has more than one n/w adapter the that will have different MAC address for each adapter.

There are three formats:

Consider a network adapter with the MAC address "00-14-22-02-25-92." .

The first 3-bytes are ID number of the manufacturer.The OUI for the manufacture of this router is the first three octet is"00-14-22." The OUI for other some well-known manufacturers are-

On what layer does the MAC address operate

In OSI , Data link control layer where MAC is one of the two sublayers of Data link control layer.

Mac operates on a layer2 of the TCP/IP where IP represents layer 3. Mac is a supporting hardware implementation where IP supports the software.

Some of the limitations of MAC address:

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