17. (3) Give two reasons why I/O instructions are treated differently from all o

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17. (3) Give two reasons why I/O instructions are treated differently from all other instructions? 18. (4) A disk transmits at rate 106 bytes per second. Suppose interrupt driven I/O is used, and the CPU is interrupted after every byte is transferred. If the CPU executes a billion instructions per second, and it takes 100 instructions to service an interrupt, then by what percentage is the CPU slowed by the disk? 19. (4) Reconsider the last problem: Suppose a DMA module handles all disk transmissions Suppose the CPU is interrupted after the disk transmits 103 bytes. By what percentage is the CPU slowed by the disk?

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Ques 17. I/O instructions are also known as priveledged instructions. The reason why they are considered differently are:

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