OS Installation Lab for the Information Technology Fundumental course: Part #3:
ID: 3741843 • Letter: O
Question
OS Installation Lab for the Information Technology Fundumental course:
Part #3: Plaese type your answer.
1) Why did you have to specify partition sizes in Linux but not Windows?
2) Why do you suppose the Windows install is so much easier (in terms of user effort) than the Linux
install?*
3. Provide 3 reasons why we are using VMs in this class rather than having you experiment on actual
computers.
4. In Linux, you were asked to provide a root password but not in Windows. Why do you not
specifically set up a root or system administration account in Windows?*
5. After booting your CentOS machine, you log in as yourself instead of root. Why should you not log
in as root?
6. In your brief usage of Windows 10 and CentOS Linux, what features did you find in common? What
features did Windows 10 have that Linux did not?
7. When installing CentOS Linux, you had to specify a boot loader program. You did not have to do
this in Windows. Why not?*
8. Why should you always shut your VM down when you are done using it?
Explanation / Answer
Ans 1.
Windows assumes you will use the whole drive
Linux assumes you will specify partition sizes for your particular use,
but in most distros, you can say "just go do it" and accept the defaults.
When you install Linux for the first time, you will need to partition your
hard drive during the install process. If you’re using one of the more
friendly distros such as Ubuntu it will by default partition your hard
drive in a logical manner (this is called guided partitioning). However
the partitioning it does is very basic, if you want to get more power from
your Linux install, you will need to manually partition your hard drive during
the installation. Most people shy away from this thinking that it is too
difficult to know what part of the file system should get it’s own partition
and what the partition size should be. Things, however, are not as difficult
as you might believe and I will attempt to give a quick guide to how you can
manually partition your hard drive to get more out of your Linux installation.
Ans 3.
Isolation from the host operating system.
We want to do all of our experimentation inside a virtual machine (VM) so that
we can install experimental software in the VM without risking the stability of
our host computer. Using a VM also allows the researcher to experiment with
open-source network simulation tools that run on various operating systems such
as different version of Linux or BSD without actually having to install these
new systems onto his or her computer. The researcher may also run his or her usual
operating system and productivity software on the host computer while experimenting
with open-source network simulation tools that are running on a guest operating
system inside the VM.
Easy to stop and start testing
VM applications allow the user to suspend the virtual machine and save its state.
This allows the researcher to save their work in a specific state before shutting
down the VM. For busy professionals or students this is very useful. One can switch
to another task or shut down one’s host computer and then, when it is time to start
experimenting with the Open-source network simulation tools again, one can start the
VM in the same state it was in when it was stopped, with the guest operating system
and all programs running as they were before the VM was stopped or suspended.
Quick recovery using snapshots
VM applications allow the researcher to take a “snapshot” of the current configuration
of the VM. If the researcher causes an unrecoverable problem in the VM by making a
mistake installing or patching software, he or she can easily revert to a previous
snapshot of the VM.
Ans 4
The main difference between the Administrator and SYSTEM is that Administrator is an actual
account (for example, it has a password) whereas SYSTEM is not.
One practical difference is that, if the computer is joined to a domain, processes running
as SYSTEM can access domain servers in the context of the computer's domain account.
Processes running as Administrator have no access to domain computers unless the password
happens to match or alternative credentials are explicitly provided.
It is possible for a file, directory, registry key, or other securable object to only grant
access to SYSTEM and not to Administrator. However, I'm not aware of any examples on a default
installation of Windows. Edit: I forgot about the SAM key, containing the local account information.
This has full control granted only to SYSTEM, with the Administrators group having neither read
nor write access. Kreemoweet has also pointed out that Vista has a number of other examples.
Of course, the administrator can override any permissions anyway.
Ans 6
Windows 10 and Cent OS both have the potential to accomplish the same things.
There are differences, but in the long run, it is really a matter of what
you need and if possible, want to use. Something’s in this list have to do
with the operating systems them-self. Other things in this list have to do
with the way people make use of them.
Windows 10 and Cent OS both can have limited “non-root” (Cent OS) and “non-administrator”
(Windows 10) system users.
Both Windows 10 and Cent OS can run several different types of web services
Both Windows 10 and Cent OS can run several pieces of hardware out of the box.
Both Windows 10 and Cent OS make good use of your system resources.
Windows 10 and Cent OS can read several file-systems (For Example: there are drivers
for Windows 10 that allow you to read EXT3/EXT4 Cent OS file-systems).
Windows 10 and Cent OS have plenty of development tools to write software.
Windows 10 is the operating system, which is why Windows 10 does not provide many
programs once installed. If anything maybe you'll only find Internet Explorer,
Media Player, Notepad, and several other small programs.
This is very different from Cent OS. Although Cent OS is an operating system, but
Cent OS is distributed with many programs in it (which is why the technical term
is distribution - from the word distribution - Cent OS).
Ans 8
If you always revert to a stable (consistent) snapshot there is no problem in powering off the VM.
Immediate poweroffs can result in filesystem inconsistencies because there might still be unflushed
caches in memory or write operations in progress. Since you are reverting to a snapshot, which always
has a consistent state, there shouldn't be any problem.
Keep in mind if you make changes to your disk, and want to create a new snapshot from that, you should
shutdown gracefully (to prevent filesystem corruption).
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