4. Input the following database terms (shown below) in the Database Term field 5

Question

4. Input the following database terms (shown below) in the Database Term field 5. Input the term definitions in the Database Definition field. (See example below.) (Most of these terms will be explained throughout this Lab. If you cannot find the terms in this lab, look in the course notes and slides.) Steps when creating a database/short synopsis Data Table Data type/Field type DBMS Report Structured Query Language Data sheet View Information QBE grid Fields Foreign key Database Record Primary Key Referential Data Integrity Requirements of a valid foreign key Hierarchy of data in a database Dynaset Cascade Updated records Cascade delete records

Explanation / Answer

Answer:

Data:

Data, in the context of databases, refers to all the single items that are stored in a database, either individually or as a set. Data in a database is primarily stored in database tables, which are organized into columns that dictate the data types stored therein. So, if the “Customers” table has a column titled “Telephone Number,” whose data type is defined as “Number,” then only numerals can be stored in that column

Table:

A table is a named relational database data set that is organized by rows and columns. The relational table is a fundamental relational database concept because tables are the primary form of data storage.

Columns form the table’s structure, and rows form the content. Tables allow restrictions for columns (i.e., allowed column data type) but not rows. Every database table must have a unique name. Most relational databases have naming restrictions For example, the name may not contain spaces or be a reserved keyword such as TABLE or SYSTEM

Data types:

Data types in the DBMS. When you create a table or add a field to a table in the geodatabase, fields are created as a specific data type. Data types are classifications that identify possible values for and operations that can be done on the data, as well as the way the data in that field is stored in thedatabase.

When you import data of one type into a field of another data type, you need to understand what the equivalent data types are between ArcSDE and your database management system (DBMS) because it can impact data content. Also, when creating new datasets in ArcGIS, it is helpful to know the equivalent data types between ArcGIS and your DBMS. For example, if you add a floating point (float) column to an existing feature class, that equates to a numeric data type column in a SQL Server database

DBMS:

A database management system (DBMS) is a software package designed to define, manipulate, retrieve and manage data in a database. A DBMS generally manipulates the data itself, the data format, field names, record structure and file structure. It also defines rules to validate and manipulate this data. A DBMS relieves users of framing programs for data maintenance. Fourth-generation query languages, such as SQL, are used along with the DBMS package to interact with a database.

Some dbms examples are: MySQL, SQL Server, Oracle, dBASE, and FoxPro.

Report:

A database report is the formatted result of database queries and contains useful data for decision-making and analysis. Most good business applications contain a built-in reporting tool; this is simply a front-end interface that calls or runs back-enddatabase queries that are formatted for easy application usage.

Structured Query Language (SQL):

Structured Query Language (SQL) is a standard computer language for relational database management and data manipulation. SQL is used to query, insert, update and modify data. Most relational databases support SQL, which is an added benefit for database administrators (DBAs), as they are often required to support databases across several different platforms.

First developed in the early 1970s at IBM by Raymond Boyce and Donald Chamberlin, SQL was commercially released by Relational Software Inc. (now known as Oracle Corporation) in 1979. The current standard SQL version is voluntary, vendor-compliant and monitored by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Most major vendors also have proprietary versions that are incorporated and built on ANSI SQL, e.g., SQL*Plus (Oracle), and Transact-SQL (T-SQL) (Microsoft).

Data sheet view:

Datasheet view in the database is used for the data depiction in such a way that it can allows the user to edit the data but user would not be able to change the database format except for a little bit of change.

Datasheet View is a representation of the data in a database. Using this view, it is possible to edit the data in the database. However, only minor changes can be made to the actual database format. One such change that can be made to the format is adjusting the column width of a table.

While in case of Design view user can create as well as change the table and other database things. It also allows to field configuration.In this view data of the database can not be changed

Information:

Information is stimuli that has meaning in some context for its receiver. When information is entered into and stored in a computer, it is generally referred to as data. After processing (such as formatting and printing), output data can again be perceived asinformation.

QBE:

Query by example is a query language used in relational databases that allows users to search for information in tables and fields by providing a simple user interface where the user will be able to input an example of the data that he or she wants to access. The principle of QBE is that it is merely an abstraction between the user and the real query that the database system will receive. In the background, the user's query is transformed into a database manipulation language form such as SQL, and it is this SQL statement that will be executed in the background.

Fields:

A field is an area in a fixed or known location in a unit of data such as a record, message header, or computer instruction that has a purpose and usually a fixed size. In some contexts, a field can be subdivided into smaller fields. Here are some examples:

1) In a database table, a field is a data structurefor a single piece of data. Fields are organized into records, which contain all the information within the table relevant to a specific entity. For example, in a table called customer contact information, telephone number would likely be a field in a row that would also contain other fields such as street address and city. The records make up the table rows and the fields make up the columns.

2) In a form that you fill out on a Web site, each box that asks you for information is a text entry field

Foreign key:

A foreign key is a column or group of columns in a relational database table that provides a link between data in two tables. It acts as a cross-reference between tables because it references the primary key of another table, thereby establishing a link between them.

The majority of tables in a relational database system adhere to the foreign key concept. In complex databases and data warehouses, data in a domain must be added across multiple tables, thus maintaining a relationship between them. The concept of referential integrity is derived from foreign key theory.

Foreign keys and their implementation are more complex than primary keys.

Database:

A database (DB), in the most general sense, is an organized collection of data. More specifically, a database is an electronic system that allows data to be easily accessed, manipulated and updated.

In other words, a database is used by an organization as a method of storing, managing and retrieving information. Modern databases are managed using a database management system (DBMS)

Record:

databases, a record is a group of related data held within the same structure. More specifically, a record is a grouping of fields within a table that reference one particular object. The term record is frequently used synonymously with row.

For example, a customer record may include items, such as first name, physical address, email address, date of birth and gender.

A record is also known as a tuple.

Primary key:

A primary key is a special relational database table column (or combination of columns) designated to uniquely identify all table records.

A primary key’s main features are:

A primary key is either an existing table column or a column that is specifically generated by the database according to a defined sequence.

Referential integrity (RI):

Referential integrity (RI) is a relational database concept, which states that table relationships must always be consistent. In other words, any foreign key field must agree with the primary key that is referenced by the foreign key. Thus, any primary key field changes must be applied to all foreign keys, or not at all. The same restriction also applies to foreign keys in that any updates (but not necessarily deletions) must be propagated to the primary parent key.

Dynaset:

A dynaset is a database sub-table that selects and sorts records as specified by a question and automatically reflects changes in underlying tables and makes changes to those tables.

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