fork.c #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> int main() { p

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fork.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main()
{
pid_t pid;

pid = fork();
if(pid < 0) { /* an error occurred */
perror("fork failed");
exit(-1);
} else if(pid == 0) { /* child process */
printf("I AM THE CHILD PROCESS... sleeping for 30 seconds ");
sleep(30);
printf("CHILD FINISHES ");
} else { /* parent process */
printf("I AM THE PARENT PROCESS... sleeping for 60 seconds ");
sleep(60);
printf("PARENT FINISHES ");
}
return 0;
}

myls.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>

int main()
{
pid_t pid;

pid = fork();
if(pid < 0) { /* an error occurred */
perror("fork failed");
exit(-1);
} else if(pid == 0) { /* child process */
printf("I AM A CHILD PROCESS ");
execlp("/bin/ls", "ls", "-l", NULL);
/* return only when exec fails */
perror("exec failed");
exit(-1);
} else { /* parent process */
wait(0);
printf("PARENT PROCESS FOUND CHILD PROCESS COMPLETED ");
}
return 0;
}

myshell.c

/* This example is stolen from Dr. Raju Rangaswami's original 4338
demo and modified to fit into our lecture. */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define MAX_ARGS 20
#define BUFSIZ 1024

int get_args(char* cmdline, char* args[])
{
int i = 0;

/* if no args */
if((args[0] = strtok(cmdline, " ")) == NULL)
return 0;

while((args[++i] = strtok(NULL, " ")) != NULL) {
if(i >= MAX_ARGS) {
printf("Too many arguments! ");
exit(1);
}
}
/* the last one is always NULL */
return i;
}

void execute(char* cmdline)
{
int pid, async;
char* args[MAX_ARGS];

int nargs = get_args(cmdline, args);
if(nargs <= 0) return;

if(!strcmp(args[0], "quit") || !strcmp(args[0], "exit")) {
exit(0);
}

/* check if async call */
if(!strcmp(args[nargs-1], "&")) { async = 1; args[--nargs] = 0; }
else async = 0;

pid = fork();
if(pid == 0) { /* child process */
execvp(args[0], args);
/* return only when exec fails */
perror("exec failed");
exit(-1);
} else if(pid > 0) { /* parent process */
if(!async) waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
else printf("this is an async call ");
} else { /* error occurred */
perror("fork failed");
exit(1);
}
}

int main (int argc, char* argv [])
{
char cmdline[BUFSIZ];
  
for(;;) {
printf("COP4338$ ");
if(fgets(cmdline, BUFSIZ, stdin) == NULL) {
perror("fgets failed");
exit(1);
}
execute(cmdline) ;
}
return 0;
}

1. Carefully study the examples provided: fork.c, myls.c, myshell.c, etc. You need to know how they work in order for you to finish this assignment; the examples will also get you prepared for 2. Write a program called minishell that creates two child processes: one to execute 'ls' and the other to execute 'sort. After the forks, the original parent process waits for both child processes to finish before it terminates. The standard output of 'ls' process should be piped to the input to the 'sort' process. Make sure you close the unnecessary open files for the three processes

Explanation / Answer

#include<stdio.h>

#include<string.h>

#include <sys/types.h>

#include <sys/uio.h>

#include <sys/stat.h>

#include <unistd.h>

#include <fcntl.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

#include<errno.h>

void pipeOperation()

{

int i,j,pfd[2];

i=fork();

if(i==0)

{

pipe(pfd);

j=fork();

if(j==0)

{

close(1);

dup(pfd[1]);

close(pfd[0]);

execl("/bin/ls","ls",NULL);

}

else

{

close(0);

dup(pfd[0]);

close(pfd[1]);

close(pfd[0]);

execl("/bin/sort","sort",NULL);

}

}

else

{

wait();//original parent

}

}

int main()

{

pipeOperation();

return 0;

}

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