The Programming Example, Converting a Number from Binary to Decimal , in Chapter
ID: 3737555 • Letter: T
Question
The Programming Example, Converting a Number from Binary to Decimal, in Chapter 15, uses recursion to convert a binary number into an equivalent decimal number.
Write a program that uses a stack to convert a binary number (input by the user) into an equivalent decimal number.
********************
linkedStack.h
*******************
//Header File: linkedStack.h
#ifndef H_StackType
#define H_StackType
#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
#include "stackADT.h"
using namespace std;
//Definition of the node
template <class Type>
struct nodeType
{
Type info;
nodeType<Type> *link;
};
template <class Type>
class linkedStackType: public stackADT<Type>
{
public:
const linkedStackType<Type>& operator=
(const linkedStackType<Type>&);
//Overload the assignment operator.
bool isEmptyStack() const;
//Function to determine whether the stack is empty.
//Postcondition: Returns true if the stack is empty;
// otherwise returns false.
bool isFullStack() const;
//Function to determine whether the stack is full.
//Postcondition: Returns false.
void initializeStack();
//Function to initialize the stack to an empty state.
//Postcondition: The stack elements are removed;
// stackTop = nullptr;
void push(const Type& newItem);
//Function to add newItem to the stack.
//Precondition: The stack exists and is not full.
//Postcondition: The stack is changed and newItem
// is added to the top of the stack.
Type top() const;
//Function to return the top element of the stack.
//Precondition: The stack exists and is not empty.
//Postcondition: If the stack is empty, the program
// terminates; otherwise, the top
// element of the stack is returned.
void pop();
//Function to remove the top element of the stack.
//Precondition: The stack exists and is not empty.
//Postcondition: The stack is changed and the top
// element is removed from the stack.
linkedStackType();
//Default constructor
//Postcondition: stackTop = nullptr;
linkedStackType(const linkedStackType<Type>& otherStack);
//Copy constructor
~linkedStackType();
//Destructor
//Postcondition: All the elements of the stack are
// removed from the stack.
private:
nodeType<Type> *stackTop; //pointer to the stack
void copyStack(const linkedStackType<Type>& otherStack);
//Function to make a copy of otherStack.
//Postcondition: A copy of otherStack is created and
// assigned to this stack.
};
//Default constructor
template <class Type>
linkedStackType<Type>::linkedStackType()
{
stackTop = nullptr;
}
template <class Type>
bool linkedStackType<Type>::isEmptyStack() const
{
return(stackTop == nullptr);
} //end isEmptyStack
template <class Type>
bool linkedStackType<Type>:: isFullStack() const
{
return false;
} //end isFullStack
template <class Type>
void linkedStackType<Type>::initializeStack()
{
nodeType<Type> *temp; //pointer to delete the node
while (stackTop != nullptr) //while there are elements in
//the stack
{
temp = stackTop; //set temp to point to the
//current node
stackTop = stackTop->link; //advance stackTop to the
//next node
delete temp; //deallocate memory occupied by temp
}
} //end initializeStack
template <class Type>
void linkedStackType<Type>::push(const Type& newElement)
{
nodeType<Type> *newNode; //pointer to create the new node
newNode = new nodeType<Type>; //create the node
newNode->info = newElement; //store newElement in the node
newNode->link = stackTop; //insert newNode before stackTop
stackTop = newNode; //set stackTop to point to the
//top node
} //end push
template <class Type>
Type linkedStackType<Type>::top() const
{
assert(stackTop != nullptr); //if stack is empty,
//terminate the program
return stackTop->info; //return the top element
}//end top
template <class Type>
void linkedStackType<Type>::pop()
{
nodeType<Type> *temp; //pointer to deallocate memory
if (stackTop != nullptr)
{
temp = stackTop; //set temp to point to the top node
stackTop = stackTop->link; //advance stackTop to the
//next node
delete temp; //delete the top node
}
else
cout << "Cannot remove from an empty stack." << endl;
}//end pop
template <class Type>
void linkedStackType<Type>::copyStack
(const linkedStackType<Type>& otherStack)
{
nodeType<Type> *newNode, *current, *last;
if (stackTop != nullptr) //if stack is nonempty, make it empty
initializeStack();
if (otherStack.stackTop == nullptr)
stackTop = nullptr;
else
{
current = otherStack.stackTop; //set current to point
//to the stack to be copied
//copy the stackTop element of the stack
stackTop = new nodeType<Type>; //create the node
stackTop->info = current->info; //copy the info
stackTop->link = nullptr; //set the link field of the
//node to nullptr
last = stackTop; //set last to point to the node
current = current->link; //set current to point to
//the next node
//copy the remaining stack
while (current != nullptr)
{
newNode = new nodeType<Type>;
newNode->info = current->info;
newNode->link = nullptr;
last->link = newNode;
last = newNode;
current = current->link;
}//end while
}//end else
} //end copyStack
//copy constructor
template <class Type>
linkedStackType<Type>::linkedStackType(
const linkedStackType<Type>& otherStack)
{
stackTop = nullptr;
copyStack(otherStack);
}//end copy constructor
//destructor
template <class Type>
linkedStackType<Type>::~linkedStackType()
{
initializeStack();
}//end destructor
//overloading the assignment operator
template <class Type>
const linkedStackType<Type>& linkedStackType<Type>::operator=
(const linkedStackType<Type>& otherStack)
{
if (this != &otherStack) //avoid self-copy
copyStack(otherStack);
return *this;
}//end operator=
#endif
********************
stackADT.h
********************
//Header file: stackADT.h
#ifndef H_StackADT
#define H_StackADT
template <class Type>
class stackADT
{
public:
virtual void initializeStack() = 0;
//Method to initialize the stack to an empty state.
//Postcondition: Stack is empty
virtual bool isEmptyStack() const = 0;
//Function to determine whether the stack is empty.
//Postcondition: Returns true if the stack is empty,
// otherwise returns false.
virtual bool isFullStack() const = 0;
//Function to determine whether the stack is full.
//Postcondition: Returns true if the stack is full,
// otherwise returns false.
virtual void push(const Type& newItem) = 0;
//Function to add newItem to the stack.
//Precondition: The stack exists and is not full.
//Postcondition: The stack is changed and newItem
// is added to the top of the stack.
virtual Type top() const = 0;
//Function to return the top element of the stack.
//Precondition: The stack exists and is not empty.
//Postcondition: If the stack is empty, the program
// terminates; otherwise, the top element
// of the stack is returned.
virtual void pop() = 0;
//Function to remove the top element of the stack.
//Precondition: The stack exists and is not empty.
//Postcondition: The stack is changed and the top
// element is removed from the stack.
};
#endif
Explanation / Answer
Hello, using the linkedStackType class which you provided as two header files, I have created the required program to convert binary to decimal. The program will create a character type linkedStackType object, and add each value in the binary input (properly validated) to the stack, after that, retrieve each characters from the stack (from top to bottom) add the required powers of 2 to the output decimal equivalent and then display the final result
Comments are included, If you have any doubts, feel free to ask, Thanks
//code.cpp
#include "linkedStack.h" /*including the linkedStack header which you provided*/
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
//defining a stack of char type
linkedStackType<char> stack;
cout<<"Enter a binary number: ";
char c;
//receiving the binary number, character by character, until newline character is encountered
while(cin.peek()!=' '){
cin>>c;
if(c!='1' && c!='0'){
//if the char is not 0 or 1, then it is not a valid binary number
cout<<"Invalid binary number"<<endl;
exit(1);
}
//pushing the character to the stack
stack.push(c);
}
int decimal=0;
int multiplier=1;//value which will get doubled in each iteration (powers of 2)
//loops until the stack is empty
while(!stack.isEmptyStack()){
//getting the top character
char c=stack.top();
if(c=='1'){
/*only if the character is '1', adding the multiplier value to the resultant
decimal result*/
decimal+=multiplier;
}
//doubling the multiplier
multiplier=multiplier*2;
//popping the top character
stack.pop();
}
//displaying the result
cout<<"Decimal equivalent= "<<decimal<<endl;
return 0;
}
/*OUTPUT 1*/
Enter a binary number: 10101011010110111
Decimal equivalent= 87735
/*OUTPUT 2*/
Enter a binary number: 10xj777
Invalid binary number
Related Questions
drjack9650@gmail.com
Navigate
Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.