Statistics occasionally take on a life of their own. This is one such story http
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Question
Statistics occasionally take on a life of their own. This is one such story
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Review Causal Graphs
Studies have found that students with higher GPA tend to be marijuana smokers. The following theories have been proposed to explain this relationship. Can you put these explanations on symbolic causal graphs?
Marijuana relaxes a person, clearing away other stresses, thus allowing more effective study.
Marijuana is used as a reward for high GPA.
A high level of curiosity is an asset to learning and achieving high grades and may also lead one to investigate “taboo” substances.
4 Million Adolescents Smoke:
Or Do They?
How is “current smoker” defined?
How is “heavy smoker” defined?
Why is the operationalization of “current smoker” not suitable for studying adolescent smoking behavior?
What does figure 1 say about the relationship between the “quantity” and the “frequency” of smoking?
What evidence did the author use to support the argument that tobacco addition is not as common as previously supposed?
Explanation / Answer
Current smoker is a person who has smoked within the 30 days prior to the interview. These are not necessary regular smoker. As per this article National estimates from the NHSDA, based on interviews with 13,831 adolescents ages 12–17 during 1994–96, show that 4.2 million adolescents are current smokers. Current smoker are differentiate on the basis of quantity and frequency
Heavy smoker is defined as smoking 20 or more days out of the past 30 and smoking half a pack or more on the days when smoking.
As per data 61% of respondents had smoked fewer than 20 days during the month. Almost all (92%) of the less frequent smokers smoked less than half a pack when they smoked and almosthalf (46%) smoked less than a cigarette. Finally, it appears that heavy infrequent smoking is rare among adolescents. Only 5% of all the adolescents who had smoked within the month smoked fewer than 20 days and half a pack or more.
So since very less number of adolescents are current smokers , so they are not suitable for study
As per the figure as the quantity increase , so the frequency of smoking. In case of less than 1 cigarette quantity is done by most people and then as the quantity increased number of people will less frequency decrease and more frequency increase.
As per the data mentioned in this article it is seen that number of people addicted to Nicotin is more as compare to the people tobacco addiction.
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