2. Consider a Bluetooth network with one master and 4 slaves. What is the total
ID: 3706954 • Letter: 2
Question
2. Consider a Bluetooth network with one master and 4 slaves. What is the total amount of time the master will have the opportunity to transmit to one of the slaves in 1 minute?
3. How does a Switch learn about the various hosts connected to it? What happens when a particular host is no longer active?
4. Why are redundant switches used? What problems might arise due to redundant switches? How is the problem solved?
5. With respect to Bluetooth, what is a Piconet? What is a Scatternet? Draw figures for both. And show all masters and slaves.
6. What is the difference between Packet Switching and Virtual Circuits?
7. What are some of the metrics used to measure network performance? Define each of them.
8. Consider that source A and destination B are connected via 4 links. The transmission rate of the links are 1 Mbps, 2 Mbps, 3 Mbps, and 4 Mbps. What is the maximum possible throughput between A and B? (1 point)
9. What is Classful addressing? What are the various classes? For each, mention how many bits are used for the network part and how many are used for the host part? How many networks and how many hosts can each of the class have? (3 points)
10. What happens to the delay when a network operates near its maximum capacity?
11. What are the drawbacks of Classful addressing? What is the remedy?
12. Consider the classless address: 167.199. 170.82/26. What is the first and last addresses of this subnet? Show all workings.
13. Suppose UCF has Class B address and wants to create about 1000 equal sized subnets. How big (how many hosts) can a subnet be? Show all workings.
14. How does DHCP work?
15. What are the main differences between DSL and Cable TV networks?
Explanation / Answer
5)Answer:
piconet:
A piconet is the type of connection that is formed between two or more Bluetooth-enabled devices such as modern cell phones or PDAs.
A piconet is a network of devices connected using Bluetooth technology. The network ranges from two to eight connected devices. When a network is established, one device takes the role of the master while all the other devices act as slaves.
Piconet gets its name from the word "pico", which means very small. This very small network is so called because the number is limited to seven devices, plus the master, which limits network and data sharing capability. Data transfer rates vary from 200 to 2,100 kbps at the application.
A piconet is sometimes called a personal area network (PAN) because the range of optimal operation for Bluetooth is 10 meters, about the size of a living room.
Scatternets:
Scatternets can be formed when a member of onepiconet (either the master or one of the slaves) elects to participate as a slave in a second, separate piconet.
A scatternet is a type of network that is formed between two or more Bluetooth-enabled devices, such as smartphones and newer home appliances. A scatternet is made up of at least two piconets.
Bluetooth devices are peer units that act as slaves or masters. Scatternets are formed when a device in a piconet, whether a master or a slave, decides to participate as a slave to the master of another piconet. This device then becomes the bridge between the two piconets, connecting both networks
6)Answer:
Packet switching:
Packet switching is a digital network transmission process in which data is broken into suitably-sized pieces or blocks for fast and efficient transfer via different network devices. When a computer attempts to send a file to another computer, the file is broken into packets so that it can be sent across the network in the most efficient way. These packets are then routed by network devices to the destination.
->
There are two major modes of packet switching:
Virtual Circuits:
A virtual circuit is used in transportation of data over a packet switch computer network, in which it appears as if there is a physical path established between the final destination and source and through which all packets can be routed during the call.
As there is no resource allocation other than few space in circuit tables in case of virtual circuit and also the fact the packets does not have to carry the globally unique destination address, provides great advantages for using virtual circuit.
Virtual circuit switching is a packet switching methodology whereby a path is established between the source and the final destination through which all the packets will be routed during a call. This path is called a virtual circuit because to the user, the connection appears to be a dedicated physical circuit. However, other communications may also be sharing the parts of the same path.
Before the data transfer begins, the source and destination identify a suitable path for the virtual circuit. All intermediate nodes between the two points put an entry of the routing in their routing table for the call. Additional parameters, such as the maximum packet size, are also exchanged between the source and the destination during call setup. The virtual circuit is cleared after the data transfer is completed.
7)Answer:
some of the performance measurement metrics:
9)Answer:
Class full addressing:
A classful network is a network addressingarchitecture used in the Internet from 1981 until the introduction of Classless Inter-Domain Routing in 1993. The method divides the IP address space for Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) into five addressclasses based on the leading four address bits.
Classful addressing, formally adopted as part of the Internet Protocol (IP) in RFC 791, was the Internet's first major addressing scheme. The IP address was 32 bits in size, just as today, but was managed considerably differently.
There were three address classes to chose from: A, B, or C, corresponding to 8-bit, 16-bit, or 24-bit prefixes. No other prefix lengths were allowed, and there was no concept of nesting a group of 24-bit prefixes, for example, within a 16-bit prefix.
An address was slotted into one of three address classes based on its high-order bits. Addresses beginning with 0 were considered class A; addresses beginning 10 were class B; addresses beginning 110 class C. Two other classes were also defined, class D addresses beginning 1110 and class E addresses beginning 1111, though neither of these two address classes were normally used. For humans, the easiest way to distinguish between different address classes is to use the first decimal number in the IP address:
First octetAddressClass
0-127 -> Class A
128-191 ->Class B
192-223 -> Class C
224-239 ->Class D
240-255 ->Class E
11)Answer:
drawbacks of Classful addressing:
Configuration/maintenance are time-consuming.
- Configuration is error-prone, especially when the network is large.
- Administrator must manually change route information.
- Does not scale well in very large networks - maintenance becomes difficult and expensive.
- Requires full knowledge of the network for accurate implementation.
14)Answer:
DHCP:
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network management protocol used to dynamically assign an IP address to any new node entering the network. DHCP permits a node to be configured automatically, thereby avoiding the necessity of involvement by a network administrator.
DHCP does the following:
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is also known as RFC 2131
DHCP is an automated method by which any newly added or transferred node in a network can be assigned or reassigned an IP address instantly. Without DHCP, the network administrators would be forced to assign IP address manually for every node in a network.
A DHCP server has many duties:
15)Answer:
differences between DSL and Cable TV networks:
DSL:
Digital subscriber line (DSL) and cable are different methods of connecting to the internet. Both are considered high-speed broadband connection. DSL connects to the net by using the local telephone network, whereas, the cable internet access uses the cable connection. However, there are distinctions on each type of access.
->Digital subscriber line
->Provide internet access by transmitting digital data over the wires of a local telephone network using higher frequency bands for data.
->A DSL modem at the customer’s and a DSLAM at the telephone company which concentrates a large number of individual DSL connections into a single box
->download speed:
Between 256 Kbit/s and 40 Mbit/s depending on DSL technology, line conditions, and service-level implementation.
->upload speed is Lower that the down speed
->Enables the usage of the unused bandwidth of the local loop connecting the telephone exchange to most subscribers, which is already in place. Cheaper then cable
Cable:
->Cable internet access
->Form of broadband Internet access that uses the cable television infrastructure to transmit digital data
-> cable modem at the customer’s and a cable modem termination system at a cable operator facility, connected by coaxial cable or a Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) plant.
->dowload speed:
As much as 400Mbit/s for business connections, and 100Mbit/s for residential. Varies depending on number of users in the area
->upload speed:
Between 384kbit/s to more than 20Mbit/s. Varies depending on number of users in the area.
->Enables the use of VOIP to cut down costs, ability for high speed downloads, decreased wait times. Faster than DSL.
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