13. What is a command given to a computer to perfoillap 14. An ISA uses 5 bits f
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Question
13. What is a command given to a computer to perfoillap 14. An ISA uses 5 bits for its opcode - how many unique operations can it perform? 15. Of the three stages in the fetch-decode-execute cycle, data storage usually happens in which stage? 16. What are the major components of a CPU (be brief and precise)? 17. Why do we need a system clock? 18. What is the purpose of the address/data registers? 19. What are two major types of ISAs? 20. What is the value of X if the register values are given as below? PUSH A; PUSH B ADD; PUSH D; MUL; PUSH E PUSH F SUB; DIV: POP XExplanation / Answer
14)
If an ISA uses 5 bits for its opcode then it can perform upto 2^5 operations.
i.e., 32 operations.
15)
Fetch stage: The instruction is obtained from memory storage
Decode stage: The fetched instruction is decoded into machine-level code
Execute stage: The decoded instruction is executed
Hence data storage happens in Fetch stage
16)
The major components of CPU are:
1. Control Unit: Controlls the execution of instructions by fetching them from memory. It also decodes the instructions. And it calls ALU if instructions needs to perform arithmetic or logical operations. It also controls the input and output devices.
2. Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU): Performs all the logical and mathematical operations.
17)
We need system clock for the purpose of synchronization.
For example, Whenever the clock signal is high, all the components on the motherboard perform their job. else they will not. This will keep them synchronized. This will avoid a situation where a signal from one component reaches another component before it is ready to accept the signal and hence that signal will be lost.
18)
Data registers store the data that is being used by the program that is executing currently.
Address registers store the memory address of the data that is to be fetched. And it also stores the memory address to which result data will be sent.
19)
Two major types of ISAs are:
1.CISC(Complex Instruction Set Computer): Here many low-level operations can be combined into one instruction operation.
2.RISC(Reduced Instruction Set Computer): Here each instruction is executed seperately. Instructions are simple.
20)
A=3 //Push A
A+B=3+2=5 //PushB this instruction adds B to A
C=5 //add Stores the result in C
A*D=5*4=20 //Push D this instruction multiplies A with D
D=20 //Stores the result in D
E=5 //Push E
E=5-F=5-1=4 //Push F this instruction subtracts F from E
F=4 //Stores result in F
D/F=20/4=5 //Divides D by F
X=5 //The result is stored in X
Hence the value of X is 5
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