Academic Integrity: tutoring, explanations, and feedback — we don’t complete graded work or submit on a student’s behalf.

. Assume the following network scenario. Flow BA direction, all transmissions ar

ID: 3679276 • Letter: #

Question

.   Assume the following network scenario. Flow BA direction, all transmissions are infinitely fast, i.e. zero delay; this is often a good approximation because ACK packets are what travel in that direction and they are negligibly small. In the AB direction, we will assume that the AR1 link is infinitely fast, but the other four each have a bandwidth of 1 packet/second (and no propagation-delay component). This makes the R1R2 link the

bottleneck link; any queue will now form at R1. The “path bandwidth” is 1 packet/second,

and the RTT is 4 seconds.

Questions: provided a winsize=3, complete the following table whenever there is a packet available.

Time

A

R1

R1

R2

R3

R4

B

T

sends

queues

sends

sends

sends

sends

ACKs

0

1,2,3

2,3

1

1

2

3

4

4

5

5

6

6

7

Note: the brief pile-up at R1 (the bottleneck link!) on startup. However, in the steady state, there is no queuing. i.e At T=3, R1 has just finished sending Data[3] as Data[4] arrives from A; R1 can begin sending packet 4 immediately. No queue will develop. Real sliding-windows protocols generally have some way of minimizing this “initial pileup”.

Time

A

R1

R1

R2

R3

R4

B

T

sends

queues

sends

sends

sends

sends

ACKs

0

1,2,3

2,3

1

1

2

3

4

4

5

5

6

6

7

Explanation / Answer

Time

A

R1

R1

R2

R3

R4

B

T

SENDS

QUEUES

SENDS

SENDS

SENDS

SENDS

ACKs

0

1,2,3

2,3

1

1

1

1

2

1

3

2

2

2

2

0

2

3

3

3

3

1

3

4

4

4

4

4

2

4

5

5

5

5

5

0

5

6

6

6

6

6

1

6

7

7

7

7

7

2

TO MINIMIZE INITIAL PILE_UP WE USE WINSIZE=1 THEN THERE IS NO NEED QUEUE PACKETS AT R1.

Time

A

R1

R1

R2

R3

R4

B

T

SENDS

QUEUES

SENDS

SENDS

SENDS

SENDS

ACKs

0

1,2,3

2,3

1

1

1

1

2

1

3

2

2

2

2

0

2

3

3

3

3

1

3

4

4

4

4

4

2

4

5

5

5

5

5

0

5

6

6

6

6

6

1

6

7

7

7

7

7

2