Java How to Program, by Deitel, 10th Edition, Chapter 10, Making a Difference 10

Question

Java How to Program, by Deitel, 10th Edition, Chapter 10, Making a Difference 10.17

10.17 ( CarbonFootprint Interface: Polymorphism) Using interfaces, as you learned in

this chapter, you can specify similar behaviors for possibly disparate classes.

Governments and companies worldwide are becoming increasingly concerned with

carbon footprints (annual releases of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere) from

buildings burning various types of fuels for heat, vehicles burning fuels for power, and

the like. Many scientists blame these greenhouse gases for the phenomenon called

global warming.

Create three small classes unrelated by inheritance—classes Building, Car and Bicycle.

Give each class some unique appropriate attributes and behaviors that it does not have

in common with other classes.

Write an interface CarbonFootprint with a getCarbonFootprint method. Have each of

your classes implement that interface, so that its getCarbonFootprint method calculates

an appropriate carbon footprint for that class (check out a few websites that explain

how to calculate carbon footprints).

Write an application that creates objects of each of the three classes, places references

to those objects inArrayList<CarbonFootprint>, then iterates through theArrayList,

polymorphically invoking each object’s getCarbonFootprint method. For each object,

print some identifying information and the object’s carbon footprint.

Explanation / Answer

/* CarbonFootprint interface. File name as CarbonFootprint.java */

punlic interface CarbonFootprint
{
double getCarbonFootprint(); // calculates the carbon footrpint
}

// end of interface

/* Bicycle.java : Bicycle calss */

public class Bicycle implements CarbonFootprint
{
private double yearlymiles;
private final int caloriesPerMile = 25;
  
// constructor

public Bicycle(double miles )
{
yearlyMiles = miles;
} // end of constructor

public double getYearMiles()
{
return yearlyMiles;
}

public void setYearlyMiles(double miles )
{
yearlyMiles = miles;
}

@override
public String toString()
{
return String.format("%s : %.2f" , "Yearly miles are " , getYearlyMiles() );
}

@override
public double getCarbonFootprint()
{
return yearlyMiles * caloriesPerMile;
}

} // endof Bicycle class

/* car.java : car class */

public class Car implements CarbonFootprint
{
private double averageyearlymiles;
private final int kgCO2PerMile = 10;
  
// constructor

public car(double miles, double MPG )
{
averageYearlyMiles = miles;
averageMPG = MPG;
} // end of constructor

public void setAverageYearlyMiles(double miles )
{
averageYearlyMiles = miles;
}

public void setAverageMPG(double MPG )
{
averageMPG = MPG;
}

public double getAverageYearlyMiles()
{
return averageYearlyMiles;
}

public double getAverageMPG()
{
return averageMPG;
}

@override
public String toString()
{
return String.format("%s : %.2f %s : %.2f ", "Average Yearly miles is " , getAverageYearlyMiles(),"Average MPG is " , getAverageMPG());
}

@override
public double getCarbonFootprint()
{
return (( getAverageYearlyMiles() * getAverageMPG() ) * kgc02PerMile );
}

} // endof car class

/* Building.java : Building class */

public class Building implements CarbonFootprint
{
private double averagemonthlyKwh;
private final int months = 12;
  
// constructor

public Building(double monthlyConsumption )
{
averagemonthlyKwh = monthlyConsumption ;
} // end of constructor

public void setAverageMonthlyKwh(double monthlyConsumption )
{
averagemonthlyKwh = monthlyConsumption ;
}

public double getAverageMonthlyKwh()
{
return averageMonthlyKwh;
}

@override
public String toString()
{
return String.format("%s : %.2f ", "the monthly consumption is is " , getAverageMonthlyKwh() );
}

@override
public double getCarbonFootprint()
{
return getAverageMonthlyKwh() * months;
}

} // endof Building class

/* CarbonFootprintInterfaceTest.java : testing the interface */

// Main class

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class CarbonFootprintInterfaceTest
{
public static void main( Sting[] args )
{
Arrayist< CarbonFootprint > categories = new ArrayList< >();   
//Creates array of objects of type CarbonFootprint
  
Cattegories.add( new Bicycle(150.00 ));
Cattegories.add( new Building(5000.28 ));
Cattegories.add( new Car(4345.75 , 34.5 ));
Cattegories.get( 0 ).getCarbonFootprint();
Cattegories.get( 1 ).getCarbonFootprint();tring
Cattegories.get( 2 ).getCarbonFootprint();
System.out.println("Data of each Object : ");
CarbonFootprint set = Cattegories.set(0, new Bicycle(150.00 ));
CarbonFootprint set = Cattegories.set(1, new Building(5000.28 ));
CarbonFootprint set = Cattegories.set(2, new Car(4345.75 , 34.5 ));
System.out.println("Data of each Object : ");
Cattegories.stream().forEach((CarbonFootprint currentObject) -> { System.out.printf(" %s: %s %s %s: %.2f ","Details for ", currentObject.getClass().getName(),currentObject.toString(),"carbon footprint is ",currentObject.getcarbonFootprint());
}); // end for loop

} // end of mian

}

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