How do LANs differ from WANs, and BNs? What is a circuit? Describe the seven lay
ID: 3669311 • Letter: H
Question
How do LANs differ from WANs, and BNs?
What is a circuit?
Describe the seven layers in the OSI network model and what they do.
Describe the five layers in the Internet network model and what they do.
What is middleware and what does it do?
How does a thin client differ from a thick client?
What are the major parts of an e-mail message?
How does a multipoint circuit differ from a point-to-point circuit?
Describe three types of guided media.
How does analog data differ from digital data? 11. What feature distinguishes serial mode from parallel mode?
Describe how data could be transmitted using frequency modulation?
What is VoIP?
Explanation / Answer
Q1:How does LAN differ from WAN and BNs?
A:LAN stands for Local Area Network which is a group of microcomputer and terminals in the same bounded area.where as WAN stands for Wide Area Network which is a group of connected microcomputer in the same metropolitan cities.BNs stands for Backbone Network which is large network connects all computers in a single company.
Q2.What is a Circuit?
A.Circuit is a closed loop where the messages passes through them.
Q3:Describe the 7 layers in the OSI Modeland what they do?
A.The seven layers of OSI model are:
Physical Layer: As the name describes the Physical layer is used to make caonnection with other physical layer in the network.this layer transmits the stream of bits to the datalink layer which are received from optical fibre transmitters.
DataLink Layer :In this the bits encoded and decoded as data packets.it uses the transmission protocal where the management and errors in the physical layer.this layer again splits into two other layer called Media Accees Control(MAC) and Logical Link Control(LLC).
Network Layer:It proviedes routing andswitching technologies.It creates Logical path where the data transmitted between node to node.
Transport Layer:It is responsible for end to end error recovery and flow control.
Session Layer:This layer is responsible for establishment of networks.after establishment it also takes care of managing the network and alsotermination of connections between the application.
Presentation Layer:It is responsible for presentation of data that is how the data encrypted and decripted while transforming between applications and vice versa.
Application Layer:it supports the end user and application processes.the telnet and FTP protocols comes in application layer.
Q3:Describe the five layers of internet network model what they do?
A. Five layers in the internet network model are
The application layer is the application software used by the network user. The transport layer takes the message generated by the application layer and, if necessary, breaks it into several smaller messages. The network layer addresses the message and determines its route through the network. The data link layer formats the message to indicate where it starts and ends, decides when to transmit it over the physical media, and detects and corrects any errors that occur in transmission. The physical layer is the physical connection between the sender and receiver, including the hardware devices (e.g., computers and modems) and physical media (e.g.,cables and satellites).
Q4:How does a thin client differ from a thick client?
In the world of client/server architecture, you need to determine if it will be the client or the server that handles the bulk of the workload. By client, we mean the application that runs on a personal computer or workstation and relies on a server to perform some operations.Thick or thin client architecture is actually quite similar. In both cases, you can consider it as being the client application running on a PC whose function is to send and receive data over the network to the server program. The server would normally communicate that information to the middle-tier software (the backend), which retrieves and stores that information from a database.While they share similarities, there are many differences between thick and thin clients. Thick and thin are the terms used to refer to the hardware (e.g., how a PC communicates with the server), but the terms are also used to describe applications. While this article deals specifically with hardware issues, be sure to check back as we will continue our Thick and Thin discussion as related to applications.
Q5:What is VoIP?
A:Voice over IP (VoIP) is a methodology and group of technologies for the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet. Other terms commonly associated withVoIP are IP telephony, Internet telephony, broadband telephony, and broadband phone service.
Q6:Describe three types of guide media?
A:the guided media is of three types:
Twisted pair wire is most commonly used. It is a pair of wires used in standard telephone wiring. They are twisted to reduce interference caused by the other twisted pairs in the same cable bundle. Twisted-pair wires go from homes and offices to the telephone company end office.
Coaxial cable is a type of guided media that is quickly disappearing. It is an insulated wire that runs through the middle of a cable. A second braided wire surrounds the insulation of the inner wire like a sheath. Used on LANs for transmitting message between devices
Even though twisted-pair is most commonly used guided media, Fiber-optic-cable also is becoming widely used. In this transmission medium that uses glass or plastic cable instead of copper wires. Instead of carrying telecommunications signals in the traditional electrical form, this technology uses high-speed streams of light pulses from lasers or LEDs that carry information inside hair-thin strands of glass called optical fibers.
Q5: How does a multipoint circuit differ from a point-to-point circuit?
A: Multipoint is also called a shared circuit. In this configuration, many computers are connected on the same circuit. This means that each must share the circuit with the others, much like a party line in telephone communication. The disadvantage is that only one computer can use the circuit at a time. When computer is sending or receiving data, all others must wait. The advantage of multipoint circuits is that they reduce the amount of cable required and typically use the available communication circuit more efficiently. Multipoint configurations are cheaper than point-to-point configurations. Point-to-point configuration is so named because it goes from one point to another (e.g., one computer to another). These are also called as dedicated circuits because they are dedicated to the use of these two computers. This type of configuration is used when the computers generate enough data to fill the capacity of the communication circuit. This can get very expensive, particularly if there is some distance between the computers.
In the world of client/server architecture, you need to determine if it will be the client or the server that handles the bulk of the workload. By client, we mean the application that runs on a personal computer or workstation and relies on a server to perform some operations.Thick or thin client architecture is actually quite similar. In both cases, you can consider it as being the client application running on a PC whose function is to send and receive data over the network to the server program. The server would normally communicate that information to the middle-tier software (the backend), which retrieves and stores that information from a database.While they share similarities, there are many differences between thick and thin clients. Thick and thin are the terms used to refer to the hardware (e.g., how a PC communicates with the server), but the terms are also used to describe applications. While this article deals specifically with hardware issues, be sure to check back as we will continue our Thick and Thin discussion as related to applications.
Q5:What is VoIP?
A:Voice over IP (VoIP) is a methodology and group of technologies for the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet. Other terms commonly associated withVoIP are IP telephony, Internet telephony, broadband telephony, and broadband phone service.
Q6:Describe three types of guide media?
A:the guided media is of three types:
- Twisted pair wire
- Coaxical cable
- Fibre optic
Twisted pair wire is most commonly used. It is a pair of wires used in standard telephone wiring. They are twisted to reduce interference caused by the other twisted pairs in the same cable bundle. Twisted-pair wires go from homes and offices to the telephone company end office.
Coaxial cable is a type of guided media that is quickly disappearing. It is an insulated wire that runs through the middle of a cable. A second braided wire surrounds the insulation of the inner wire like a sheath. Used on LANs for transmitting message between devices
Even though twisted-pair is most commonly used guided media, Fiber-optic-cable also is becoming widely used. In this transmission medium that uses glass or plastic cable instead of copper wires. Instead of carrying telecommunications signals in the traditional electrical form, this technology uses high-speed streams of light pulses from lasers or LEDs that carry information inside hair-thin strands of glass called optical fibers.
Q5: How does a multipoint circuit differ from a point-to-point circuit?
A: Multipoint is also called a shared circuit. In this configuration, many computers are connected on the same circuit. This means that each must share the circuit with the others, much like a party line in telephone communication. The disadvantage is that only one computer can use the circuit at a time. When computer is sending or receiving data, all others must wait. The advantage of multipoint circuits is that they reduce the amount of cable required and typically use the available communication circuit more efficiently. Multipoint configurations are cheaper than point-to-point configurations. Point-to-point configuration is so named because it goes from one point to another (e.g., one computer to another). These are also called as dedicated circuits because they are dedicated to the use of these two computers. This type of configuration is used when the computers generate enough data to fill the capacity of the communication circuit. This can get very expensive, particularly if there is some distance between the computers.
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