The city of Hastings, KY wants to set up a secure WAN to connect all of their go

Question

The city of Hastings, KY wants to set up a secure WAN to connect all of their government buildings. They also
want to provide free and secure wireless access to the residents that live within the downtown city limits (the
free wireless access should provide access to the residents of local government services and general Internet
access). The city currently uses leased lines through the local phone company to connect the 10 government
buildings. They also want to provide access to the schools in the city; 5 elementary schools, 2 middle schools,
and 2 high schools. The total student population is approximately 9,600. By setting up their own WAN they
expect to save at least 50% over the cost of the leased lines that they currently utilize. Below is a map of the city
with the government building locations, and the schools. The T1 lines, there is only 1 line that connects the
buildings in the sequence shown (blue lines), cost $347 per month per connection (each building has at least 1
connection, some have 2 – each in and out is one connection). When you recommend a new solution, consider
redundancy/fault tolerance, cost, and suitability for the city. Also, each school is connected to the closest city
government building using a leased line that costs the same as the T1 lines ($347 per month).

B. Below is a list of the hardware and software that is currently installed in their network:
a. City Hall is the “hub” for the network. It has 2 CISCO Layer 3 Switches that support 96 users (48 ports
per switch), and 2 CISCO 5900 Routers, one is a backup.
b. The other sites have3 CISCO 24 port switches that supports approximately 50 users per site. Each site
also has a CSU/DSU for the T1 line, and a CISCO 2900 router.
c. The city has 10 Dell Rack Mount Servers at City Hall, running Windows 2003 Server with Active Directory.
d. The other sites have 2 Dell Rack Mount Servers that each are running their own Active Directory Tree.
The A.D. structure is NOT integrated across the network.
e. All offices are running Windows XP on the machines (total of 550 computers). They have held off on
upgrading to Windows 7, but realized that they may need to upgrade the systems.
f. The city does not have wireless access except for inside City Hall, and it is restricted to employees only
(uses WAP and each employee has a unique employee ID to login).
C. The WAN relies on the Internet provider (Comcast) for all of the TCP/IP configuration and uses DHCP servers to
assign local addresses to the computers.

D. Your job, is to determine the following:
a. What type of media (cable, could be wireless) could the city use to connect the sites. The sites are no
more than ½ mile away from each other.
b. What hardware upgrades would they need, and would you suggest to the network (both at the LAN and
WAN level).
c. What would you recommend that the city uses for its Wireless WAN access across the 12 square mile
area of the city (which encompasses all of the buildings in the diagram)? Make sure to show the
coverage, including a site survey (once again, you will have to investigate coverage of each wireless
router).

Explanation / Answer

A.)
What type of media (cable, could be wireless) could the city use to connect the sites The sites are no more than ½ mile away from each other Solution To connect all sites the city need wireless routers for every buildings instead of using leased line The range of typical wireless routers is approx 300 feet, therefore in a building we need several routers Also if we want to connect one building to another building we need PtP of PtmP In Wi-Fi networking or Point to Point, Bridge mode allows two or more Wireless Access Points (APs) to municate with each for the purpose of municating multiple Local Area Networks The Local Area Networks can be a wired or wireless network Some wireless bridges support only a single point-to-point connection and some support multiple point to point munication We need Access Points at all buildings to establish a link rather than leased line Fig * Point to Point

B.) What hardware upgrades would they need, and would you suggest to the network (both at the LAN and WAN level) Solution The hardware which support wired LAN should be replaced for better and maintenance free munication The city does not have wireless access except for inside City Hall, and it is restricted to employees only Therefore we need wireless access point at each building The hub for network which has CISCO switches will be replaced by wireless routers We need at-least six 16 port routers with 20 mtrs radius range CISCO 5900 Routers will be replaced by PtP or PtmP Routers The hub for network which has CISCO switches that will be replaced by wireless routers We need at-least four 16 port routers with 20 mtrs radius range Leased Lines will be replace by wireless routers Internet will be provided by ISP to wi-fi router and the wi-fi router will spread the Internet to all over As Windows 2003 Server is quite old, So first the Operating System will be changed to Windows 2008 Server If the hardware of Windows Server is not patible then we have to upgrade it and make it portable.

Also as we know that Microsoft stop supporting to Windows XP, so we have to upgrade the operating system to Windows 7. For installation of Windows 7, we need to upgrade the hardware of 550 computers to make them compatible for Windows 7. For this motherboard should be upgrade and also need more RAM. To make the whole city wi-fi we have already used PtmP for buildings and all building have their wi-fi routers Internet to everyone.

To make the wi-fi network more secure it is must to have password to access the Internet.

C.)

The Wireless WAN
School districts with multiple buildings within a few miles of each other but located outside of dense urban envi- ronments are good candidates for wireless WANs. Unless special arrangements are made with local utilities or other institutions to provide connectivity via fiber, no other system delivers the high bandwidth connectivity between buildings that wireless offers.
Other factors to consider beyond building proximity are terrain and visual obstructions. Wireless works best when terrain is relatively flat. Hills and valleys may destroy clear lines of sight between buildings. We would have pre- ferred to avoid recurring costs altogether by using wire- less links for the wide area network; however, this solution would have required clear line of sight between the radios, which was not possible in the canyon where our school district is located.”
Wireless WAN solutions can work in concert with wired network backbones. These hybrid solutions may take many forms and provide satisfactory performance, giving schools the benefits of a wired network backbone and the flexibility of wireless connectivity. For example, a
school district may choose a wireless system to connect buildings up to 25 miles apart that have a clear line of sight and use leased or fiber lines to connect buildings that don't.
The thousands of mobile classrooms and temporary buildings in this country offer a strong case for wireless building-to-building connectivity. Many of these facilities lack network capability, and school districts are loath to spend money to install network cabling in such temporary structures. Moreover, burying cable between structures and main buildings is often too impractical or too costly.

Planning the System— Performing the Site Survey
Making a final determination about wireless requires a site survey of all buildings involved. If line-of-sight issues arise, a relay station or antenna can provide a third point for a line of sight between two buildings with a blocked signal path. Surveys also can determine likely antenna placement locations and they can provide installation cost estimates.
How a school system with six school buildings and one administrative building can first consider and then make the actual transition to a wireless WAN. The seven build- ings had been connected to their district network (cen- tered in the high school) by leased ISDN lines operating at 128 kb/s. Director of technology Ron Fisher realized that the proximity of these buildings to each other (within a 1.5-mile radius) made them good candidates for wire- less connectivity. Accordingly, the school district author- ized a site survey of all seven buildings.

The hardware required to install a wireless WAN is sim- ple. It consists of access points, which provide access for all users to the wireless network, antennas with mounting hardware and lightning arrestors, rooftop antenna towers of varying heights as needed, cabling required to connect antennas to the LAN, and access to standard electrical outlets for each access point.
In each building, the wireless network terminates at an access point that connects to a local hub or switch and serves as a bridge to the wired LAN. Access points must be located as close as possible to the building antenna (less than 25 feet is preferred to avoid loss of band- width) and must be protected from the elements.

Installation costs per location will vary depending upon the height of antenna towers and the extent of cabling required. In general, materials, equipment, and installa- tion costs will likely range from $4,000 to $10,000 per
building. Where towers are needed, add $2,000 to $10,000 per tower.
These one-time costs permit buildings to be connected at up to 54 Mb/s. Compare this to the telephone com- pany’s charge of $3,500 per year for a 1.5 Mb/s T1 connection. While good wireless WAN installations rarely require continuous adjustment and maintenance, it is advisable to set aside about 15 percent of the initial installation cost for annual maintenance.

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