Briely outline each stage of the compilation process starting with the source co

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Stages from Source to Executable Compilation: source code ==> relocatable object code (binaries) Linking: many relocatable binaries (modules plus libraries) ==> one relocatable binary (with all external references satisfied) Loading: relocatable ==> absolute binary (with all code and data references bound to the addresses occupied in memory) Execution: control is transferred to the first instruction of the program Phases of the Compilation Process Lexical analysis (scanning): the source text is broken into tokens. Syntactic analysis (parsing): tokens are combined to form syntactic structures, typically represented by a parse tree. The parser may be replaced by a syntax-directed editor, which directly generates a parse tree as a product of editing. Semantic analysis: intermediate code is generated for each syntactic structure. Type checking is performed in this phase. Complicated features such as generic declarations and operator overloading (as in Ada and C++) are also processed. Machine-independent optimization: intermediate code is optimized to improve efficiency. Code generation: intermediate code is translated to relocatable object code for the target machine. Machine-dependent optimization: the machine code is optimized. On some systems (e.g., C under Unix), the compiler produces assembly code, which is then translated by an assembler.

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