Facts: 1. You are the LAN administrator for “Smith’s Hardware”. 2. “Smith’s Hard
ID: 3641150 • Letter: F
Question
Facts:
1. You are the LAN administrator for “Smith’s Hardware”.
2. “Smith’s Hardware” has 2 main buildings, each with 1 server and 2 workstations.
3. Both buildings are connected to each other using routers.
4. There is one router that is your default gateway (in networking, the cloud represents “The Internet”).
5. Your company has been assigned a class A address (15.x.x.x)
6. As a LAN administrator you assign a class B subnet mask to your networks (255.255.0.0).
Answer the following questions (using the information provided above):
1.How many networks do you have? Why? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.Write the IP address you have assigned to the following nodes (each line represents one IP address. Note that there are two lines for the routers, therefore, routers need at least two IP addresses, one for each interface, why? ________________________________________ a.Router F
i. _______________
ii. _______________
b.Server A
i. _______________
c.Workstation B
i. _______________
d.Workstation C
i. _______________
e.Router G
i. _______________
ii. _______________
f.Server B
i. _______________
g.Workstation D
i. _______________
h.Workstation E
i. _______________
i.Router H
i. _______________
ii. _______________
Explanation / Answer
A network can be anything from a simple collection of computers at one location connected through a connectivity media to the internet (a global network of networks). Local Area Network (LAN) is a server- based network confined to a particular area/place. Most LANs consist of many clients and a few servers. receiving machine as to how the accompanying data be interpreted or treated by the receiving machine. Why networking your computer We network our computers to share resources and communicate. We can do networking for: 1 2 3 4 File sharing Hardware sharing – printer sharing, for example Program sharing User communication through a machine called e-mail server Network protocol Network protocols are those standard rules using which computers on a network communicate and exchange data with each other. A group of protocols that prepare the data for communication on the network is called the Protocol stack. International organization for standard’s (ISO) model In 1970’s came ISO’s OSI model – a conceptual model for network communications. OSI stands for Open System Interconnection Reference Model and it proposes a 7 layer architecture. Each layer (except physical layer) at the sending machine sends instructions through its header to the Header is a piece of informationwhich is attached to the data at its beginning by each layer except the physical layer. The process of moving the data down the OSI Protocol stack at the sending machine is called Encapsulation, and the process of moving the data up the OSI stack at the receiving side is called De-encapsulation. Fig. 2 below shows names of the 7 layers of the OSI model which are numbered from bottom up. 1.How many networks do you have? Why? Note that 126 class A networks are possible (0 and 127 are not used for general purposes). Each class A network can accommodate a maximum of 16 million hosts on it. There are 16384 class B networks possible and each can host upto 65000 host machines. There are 2 million class C networks possible each having the capacity to accommodate upto 256 host machines on it. Subnet mask An IP address is meaningless for the computers unless it is accompanied by a subnet mask. It tells to the computer machines that what part of the accompanying IP address corresponds to the network address and what part corresponds to the host machine on that network. A subnet mask is also represented by four decimal numbers separated by a period. Default subnet masks for class A, B and C types of IP addresses are as under: Class A: 255.0.0.0 Class B: 255.255.0.0 Class C: 255.255.255.0 IP version The existing IP scheme (version 4) is likely to be replaced by IP version 6. It would provide 128 bits IP addresses in hexadecimal format. According to an estimate a total of 3.4 x 1038 addresses would then be available. Domain name system A Domain Name is a user friendly name used to locate a web site on the internet. For example, vu.edu, bestcomputers.com etc. Domain Name System (DNS) provides the structure and the strategy that is used to refer to computers on the internet by these user friendly names. Domain Names are Unique. They are assigned as one has to pay and register for them. With the help of DNS a domain name is translated into its corresponding IP address (see Fig. 1 below). A fully qualified domain name is processed from right to left for its translation into the corresponding IP address. A fully qualified domain name can be made up of a top level domain (TLD), second level domain (SLD) and subdomains, as shown in Fig. 2 below. Seven popular TLDs are “.com,.edu,.org,.gov,.net,.countryname,.int”. SLDs represent the name of a company/institution/entity. Subdomains represent the geographical or functional units of a company/institution etc.
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