Utilization (something like efficiency) of a link for a stop-andwait protocol is

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Utilization (something like efficiency) of a link for a stop-andwait protocol is given as Usender=(L/R)/(RTT+L/R)
i) Can this be written using the more common dtrans and dprop? If so, what isit?

ii) Of the terms, which one really causes Usender to be large (e.g. close to unity) or small?

iii) Suppose L=1,000 bits/packet, R=100 million bits per second.For what values of RTT (include units) is the utilization at least50%?

iv) Continuing from (iii), for values of Usender close to 100%, what is theapproximate distance between the two stations (dont forget to givethe units). What kind of a network is this? Do you need to changethis protocol for this kind of network?

v) What are the units/dimenstions of Usender?Explain.

vi) For values of Usender around 10% (whichis pretty bad for something like efficiency) what is the distancebetween the two stations?

vii) How would you increase the utilization for case (vi)? Wouldyou increase packet size? If you did what are the disadvantages?Would increasing R help?

viii) How is RTT related to d prop?

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