### Problem 4 HW3 RStudio b) c) d) e) Levels of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) in the a
ID: 3601225 • Letter: #
Question
### Problem 4 HW3 RStudio b) c) d) e)
Levels of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) in the atmosphere are rising rapidly, far above any levels ever before recorded. Levels were around 278 parts per million (ppm) in 1800, before the Industrial Age, and had never, in the hundreds of thousands of years before that, gone above 300 ppm. Levels are exceeding 400 ppm. The dataset CarbonDioxide (http://www.lock5stat.com/datasets/CarbonDioxide.csv) shows the rapid rise of $CO_2$ concentrations over the last 50 years.
a) What is the explanatory variable? What is the response variable?
b) Draw a scatter plot of the data. Does there appear to be a linear relationship in the data?
```{r}
CO_2=read.csv("http://www.lock5stat.com/datasets1e/CarbonDioxide.csv")
#CO_2
```
c) Find the correlation between year and $CO_2$ levels. Does the value of the correlation support your answer to part (b)?
```{r}
# Insert R code here
```
d) Calculate the least-square (regression) line to predict $CO_2$ from year.
```{r}
# Insert R code here
#CO_2
```
e) Interpret the slope of the regression line, in terms of carbon dioxide concetrations.
```{r}
# Insert R code here
```
f) Use the regression line to predict the $CO_2$-level in 2020.
```{r}
# Insert R code here
#CO_2
```
Explanation / Answer
In what’s become a spring tradition like Passover and Easter, carbon dioxide has set a record high each year since measurements began. It stood at 280 ppm when record keeping began at Mauna Loa in 1958. In 2013, it passed 400 ppm. Just four years later, the 400 ppm mark is no longer a novelty. It’s the norm.
Earlier this year, U.K. Met Office scientists issued their first-ever carbon dioxide forecast. They projected carbon dioxide could reach 410 ppm in March and almost certainly would by April. Their forecast has been borne out with Tuesday’s daily record. They project that the monthly average will peak near 407 ppm in May, setting a monthly record.
Carbon dioxide concentrations have skyrocketed over the past two yearsdue to in part to natural factors like El Niño causing more of it to end up in the atmosphere. But it’s mostly driven by the record amounts of carbon dioxide humans are creating by burning fossil fuels.
The rate of increase will go down when emissions decrease,” Pieter Tans, an atmospheric scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, said. “But carbon dioxide will still be going up, albeit more slowly. Only when emissions are cut in half will atmospheric carbon dioxide level off initially.”
Even when concentrations of carbon dioxide level off, the impacts of climate change will extend centuries into the future. The planet has already warmed 1.8°F (1°C), including a run of 627 months in a row of above-normal heat. Sea levels have risen about a foot and oceans have acidified. Extreme heat has become more common
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