please give short answers 4. What is an application-layer message? A transport-l
ID: 3599043 • Letter: P
Question
please give short answers
4. What is an application-layer message? A transport-layer segment? A network layer datagram? A link-layer frame? 5. List the four broad classes of services that a transport protocol can provide. For each of the service classes, indicate if either UDP or TCP (or both) provides such a service 6. Consider a new peer Alice that joins BitTorrent without possessing any chunks peers, since she has nothing to upload. How then will Alice get her first chunk? 7. Suppose you wanted to do a transaction from a remote client to a server as fast as Without any chunks, she cannot become a top-four uploader for any of the other possible. Would you use UDP or TCP? Why? d object. 8. Describe how Web caching can reduce the delay in receiving a re Will Web caching reduce the delay for all objects requested by a user or for only some of the objects? Why? 9. What is meant by a handshaking protocol?Explanation / Answer
4)
Application Layer Message: This is the basic message that a sytem in a network want to send to other system. It can be a text, audio, video, image etc.,
Transport Layer Segment : Segmentation is the process of dividing a packet into smaller units for transmission over the network. This smaller units are called segments.
Segmentation is needed when the data packet is larger that maximum transmission unit (MTU) to transmit over the network. Otherwise the network is unreliable and it is desirable to divide the information into smaller segments to maximize the probability that each one of them can be delivered correctly to the destination.
NetworkLayer Datagram : This is the transmission unit in the network layer. After receiving the segment from the transport layer, it adds some more information like IP address of source and destination. After adding this information it becomes the transmission unit at network layer. This is called datagram.
Don't get confused with UDP datagram. It is sometimes called datagram at DLL when UDP protocol is used.
A link-layer frame: This is the actual unit that gets transmitted over the physical link. At this level it is bits 0, 1. this is called frame.
5)
Reliable data transfer TCP provides a reliable byte-stream between client and server but UDP does not.
A guarantee that a certain value for throughput will be maintained
A guarantee that data will be delivered within a specified amount of time
Confidentiality (via encryption)
/* hope this helps */
/* thank you */
/* if any queries please comment */
Related Questions
Navigate
Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.