What is a computer: Turing machines and the Universal Turing Machine Von Neumann

Question

What is a computer: Turing machines and the Universal Turing Machine Von Neumann model of a computer o o .Bits, memory Representing numbers in binary, hexadecimal, decimal e Addition in binary o o Converting from binary to decimal, decimal to binary Parts of a computer (hardware) and their function (Lab 1) High level vs. low level programming . o Characteristics of each (be able to compare and contrast) . Tasks: o Sequential Conditional o Iterative LC3: .Parts of the LC3: registers, memory o Know function of each LC3 codes: You will be given the codes table (and not expected to memorize it). Know how to interpret the codes table ·

Explanation / Answer

A computer is an electronic device which process/manipulates/store/retreive the data used for solving the solving the problems.

Bits are 0 and 1. Computer understands only 0 and 1.
Memory is any physical device capable of storing information temporarily or permanently. Usually computers use Ram for temporary storage, Hard disks are used for permanent storage.

Representing Numbers in binary, Hex, decimal

Decimal 10 : 10
Binary 10 : 1010
Hex 10 : A

Addition in Binary:
10+10:
1010
+1010
--------
10100
--------

Conversion from binary to decimal:
binary 10: 1010
Decimal 10: 1*2^3+0*2^2+1*2^1+0*2^0=10

Conversion from decimal to binary:
Decimal 10:
let n=10
n%2=0--store
n=n/2=5
5%2=1 -- store
n=n/2=2
2%2=0--store
n=n/2=1
1%2=1--store
n=n/2=1/2=0 --end
  
so, the order bottom to top gives binary: 1010

High level Programming:
User understandable language like English. All the commands in high level language are mostly used english words so user can easily understand. Example: python
Low Level Programming:
Most of the commands in level level language are not english words so user cannot easily understand. Example: Pascal

Tasks:
Sequential: one after the other.
Conditional: Based on some parameter we may explore or not explore the path
iterative: upto some condition/no condition one keeps on exploring the same path

Parts of a computer:
Main Memory: Ex: RAM
Secondary Memory: Ex: Harddisk
Processor: Intel
Input Devices: keyboard,mouse
Output Devices: printer,monitor

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