Briefly explain the following: 1. Application Architectures –Host-Based, Client-

Question

Briefly explain the following:

1. Application Architectures –Host-Based, Client-Based, and Client-Server Architectures, Middleware architecture, 3 tier arhcitecture, N tier architecture, –Choosing Architectures

2. World Wide Web –How the Web Works –Inside an HTTP Request & HTTP Response

3. Electronic Mail –How E-Mail Works, Inside an SMTP Packet –Listserv, Attachments in MIME

4. Other Applications –FTP, Telnet, Instant Messaging, Videoconferencing

5. Thin and Thick clients

6. Peer to peer architecture

7. Criteria for Choosing Architecture - •Infrastructure Cost –Cost of servers, clients, and circuits –Mainframes: very expensive; terminals, PCs: inexpensive •Development Cost –Mainly cost of software development –Software: expensive to develop; off-the-shelf software: inexpensive •Scalability –Ability to increase (or decrease) in computing capacity as network demand changes –Mainframes: not scalable; PCs: highly scalable

8. what is HTTP Request Message, Give example

Explanation / Answer

1)

Application layer architecture:Application architecture represents the way that the functions of application layer are used and spread on the network among clients and servers.

The following are the functiions of Application layer:

Hoost based archhitecture:

Client-server architecture:

Middleware architecture:

It is the software which connects software applications.Generallt it lies between the OSand the applications on distributed computer network.It is mainly used for supports complex, distributed software applications.

3-tier Architecture:
A three-tier architecture is also a type of client-server architecture in which the data access, functional logic data storage and interface are maintained as independent components on different platforms. It is a design pattern and a well-established architecture.

N-tier architecture:
• More than three sets of computers used,generally across several organizations
• Allows load balancing to access those servers.

2)

The World Wide Web (WWW): It is nothing but the combination of all resources and clients over Internet that are using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).Generally web enables blocgs or pages to be published over internet by so many people, and those pages were linked together using links.Generally the web server sends these pages whic contains information when they are requested by a web browser nothing but a client or user.Then the host and client communicated using HTTP.

3)

E-mail is represented as Electric-mail, which is used for exchange of these mails by using telecommunication.Generally SMTP prootocol is used to transfer those E-mail messages that are encoded in ASCII text. We can also send graphic images and sound files, as attachments by using emails. These can also be exchanged between online users and in networks other than the Internet.

SMTP: SMTP is a type of TCP/IP protocol which is mainly used in sending and receiving e-mails over the internet. Since it is the ability of sending queue messages at the receiving end,and used with one of two other protocols, POP3 or IMAP.

4)

FTP:FTP means File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and it is the generally used protocol for exchanging files or data over the Internet. FTP uses TCP/IP protocols to transfer. FTP mainly uses client-server architecture and secured with SSL/TLS.

TELNET: It is a user command protocol which is a type of TCP/IP protocol. It is mainly used for accessing remote computers.

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