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Above are monads forms from meiosis. What event appear to have happened to one o

ID: 35912 • Letter: A

Question

Above are monads forms from meiosis. What event appear to have happened to one of the original homologous chromosomes? Draw the inversion loop with the crossing over that led to these monads. Which gametes would you expect to be viable and which would you expect to be not viable?

Above are monads forms from meiosis. What event appear to have happened to one of the original homologous chromosomes? Draw the inversion loop with the crossing over that led to these monads. Which gametes would you expect to be viable and which would you expect to be not viable?

Explanation / Answer

In meiosis

Homologous chromosomes pair or synapse to form a bivalentBivalent gives rise to a unit called the tetrad which consists of four chromatids.
Two divisions take place:
                    i.    reductional - Meiosis I (tetrad separates into dyad)
                    ii.    equational - Meiosis II (dyad splits into two monads)
                Chromosomes may exchange information - crossing over
            Interphase I: same as mitosis
           Prophase I
                Leptonema (n)
                    Leptotene stage - chromosome begin to condense
                    Homology Search: initial pairing of homologues
            b.    Zygonema
                    Zygotene stage: rough pairing of the homologues
                    Synaptonemal Complex is formed: the paired structures are called bivalents.
            c.    Pachynema
                    Pachytene stage: intimate point by point synapsis of homologous chromosomes
                    Shortening and coiling of paired chromosomes occurs - bivalents thicken
                    Can distinguish sister chromatids Bivalent = Tetrad
                    Crossing over occurs
            d.    Diplonema
                    Crossing over occurs at chiasmata
                    Crossing over involves nonsister chromatids
                    Genetic variability
                    Chromatids begin to separate
            e.    Diakinesis - further shortening of chromosomes and separation. Linkage to the spindle.
                   Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear.
                    Terminalization: the chiasmata move toward the ends of the tetrad
    END OF PROPHASE I
        4.    Metaphase I - chromosomes pair up in metaphase plate.
        5.    Anaphase I - homologous pairs (tetrads) separate to form dyads
                Disjunction:   the separation of tetrads into dyads
                Nondisjunction: error where separation does not occur
                Random segregation of dyads is the basis for Mendelian principle of independent assortment.
        6.    Telophase I - cytokinesis
    B.    MEIOSIS II - Equational Division
        1.    Interkinesis: no DNA synthesis. only a haploid complement (n)
        2.    Prophase II: dyad is composed of one pair of sister chromatids attached by a common
               centromere
        3.    Metaphase II: centromeres directed to the equatorial plate
        4.    Anaphase II: sister chromatids of each dyad are pulled to opposite poles (Haploid)
        5.    Telophase II: monads and cytokinesis. Each chromosome is a monad (unreplicated)

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