a. What is API? How does API facilitate programmers and system architects? b. Wh
ID: 3591115 • Letter: A
Question
a. What is API? How does API facilitate programmers and system architects?
b. What is image metadata? Give three examples of image metadata.
c. Define fetch and Execute Cycles (I.e: Functions of these cycles – what it fetches and what it executes)
d. What is Stored Program Concept?
e. What is ALU and CU within the CPU?
f. Define Simplex, Half Duplex and Full Duplex Line
g. What is a Middleware?
h. What are the functions of MAR, MDR, IR, PC registers
i. Define RAM & ROM and what are the differences between them
j. What is a BUS?
k. You have a Database Server, Business Rule Application Server, Main Applicatoin Server and Clients access your system over the web. What tier category this system falls under? (value of n is required)
l. What is the difference between Static and Dynamic RAM? How many bits are in 3 bytes?
Q2. Solve the following problem: 10 Pts
Pre-Execution state of Register/Memory Location values:
PC: 35
Memory Location
Value
35
901 (INPUT) [Assume user inputs “500” from keyboard]
36
181 (ADD 81)
37
383 (STORE 83)
38
901 (INPUT) [Assume user inputs “901” from keyboard]
39
583 (SUBTRACT 83)
40
902 (OUTPUT A)
41
HALT
81
400
82
000
83
000
* Note: 901 and 902 are instruction for input and output contents of Accumulator.
The following code is executed. Compute the result. Show the values of the registers in each of the following step. Mark Fetch/Execute Cycles within the code. Write a summary on what this program does.
Instruction: 901 (Input)
PC -> MAR
MDR -> IR
IOR -> A
PC+1 -> PC
Instruction: ADD 81
PC -> MAR
MDR -> IR
IR[address] -> MAR
A+MDR -> A
PC +1 -> PC
Instruction: STORE 83
PC -> MAR
MDR -> IR
IR[address] -> MAR
A -> MDR
PC+1 -> PC
Instruction: 901 (Input)
PC -> MAR
MDR -> IR
IOR -> A
PC+1 -> PC
Instruction: SUBTRACT 83
PC -> MAR
MDR -> IR
IR[address] -> MAR
A-MDR -> A
PC+1 -> PC
Instruction: 902 (OUTPUT A)
PC -> MAR
MDR -> IR
A -> IOR
PC+1 -> PC
// This is the halt instruction. Assume the content on that memory location is “HALT” and the system knows to halt the program when that instruction is loaded.
PC -> MAR
MDR -> IR
WHAT IS DISPLAYED AS THE FINAL ANSWER? __________
Q3. What is the largest unsigned integer that can be stored using a 12 bit number? Explain how you derived the number. 5 pts
Q4. Compute the following by using six digit 10’s complement. Convert the result to sign and magnitude (i.e its real decimal form) if necessary. Convert the final result to HEX.
10 pts
-13565
+ 9123
---------------------
Q5. a) Add the following two 12 bit binary 2’s complement numbers. Convert the result into decimal.
b) Convert both numbers into decimal, add the converted decimal numbers and obtain the result.
c) Is answers for a) and b) are matching? (They should)
Use sign and magnitude representation when necessary. 10 pts
111000111011
11011101101
-----------------------
Q6: a) Describe the features and an example of Lossy and Lossless Compression.
b) Describe the relationship between MAR, Address Decoder and MDR 5 PTS
Q7: Analyze the following program. When run, what does this program do? Your friend reviews the code and telling you there is a bug in the code. Can you identify the bug? What can you do to fix it? 5 PTS
PC: 35
Memory Location
Value
35
901 (INPUT)
36
381 (STORE 81)
37
901 (INPUT)
38
382 (STORE 82)
39
581 (LDA 81)
39
282 (SUB 82)
40
383 (STORE 83)
41
747 (BRZ 47)
42
845 (BRP 45)
43
582 (LDA 82)
44
902 (OUTPUT A)
45
581 (LDA 81)
46
902 (OUTPUT A)
47
549 (LDA 49)
48
902 (OUTPUT A)
49
HALT
81
000
82
000
83
000
Q8. A CPUs instruction format is described below: 5 pts
Bits Bits
|0 --------- 7|8 ----------24|
Opcode Operand
How many Opcodes (total) this machine can handle?
How many (total) memory locations (assuming operand is holding memory locations) can this machine address?
Q9. A company has been assigned the net address 230.224.129.0. The net administrator
wants to introduce 6 subnets for the company’s 6 departments. 10 pts
a) How many subnetid bits does he need to use?
b) What will be the subnet mask?
b) calculate the corresponding subnetwork address, direct broadcast address
Q.10: The following scenario is showing an execution of a subroutine program. Fill out the values that should go in the STACK on each step 5 pts
1
.
.
.
82 Beginning of Subroutine
.
.
.
88 CALL 82
89
95 RETURN
82 Beginning of Subroutine
.
.
.
88 CALL 82
89
95 RETURN
.
.
.
.
.
.
45 CALL 82
46 next instruction
after subroutine
completes
45 CALL 82
46 next instruction
after subroutine
completes
82 Beginning of Subroutine
.
.
.
88 CALL 82
89
95 RETURN
82 Beginning of Subroutine
.
.
.
88 CALL 82
89
95 RETURN
45 CALL 82
46 next instruction
after subroutine
completes
2nd subroutine call from location 88 (within subroutine)
Subroutine Call from
LOC 45
45 CALL 82
46 next instruction
after subroutine
completes
Memory Location
Value
35
901 (INPUT) [Assume user inputs “500” from keyboard]
36
181 (ADD 81)
37
383 (STORE 83)
38
901 (INPUT) [Assume user inputs “901” from keyboard]
39
583 (SUBTRACT 83)
40
902 (OUTPUT A)
41
HALT
81
400
82
000
83
000
Explanation / Answer
We apologize but according to the policies of chegg, I can only answer the first 4 questions marked a, b, c and d. I would request you to now post all the questions in a single post.
a.) What is API? How does API facilitate programmers and system architects?
APIs (Application Programming Interface) are a set of functions and procedures that allow the creation of applications which access the features of data of an Operating System, application or other services.
APIs provide a way to connect computer software components. Broadly speaking, APIs make it possible for organisations to open their backend data and functionality for reuse in application services.
An API facilitates interactions between code modules, applications and backend IT systems. The API specifies the way in which these different software components can interact with each other and enables content and data to be shared between components, thus providing programmers with a wider field of access.
b.) What is image metadata? Give three examples of image metadata.
Image metadata is text information pertaining to an image file that is embedded into the file or contained in a separate file that is associated with it. Image metadata includes details relevant to the image itself as well as the information about its production. Following are some categories of metadata:
Some examples of metadata are aperture, shutter speed, focal depth, name of the image creator, caption, titles and comments, licensing rights etc.
c.) Define fetch and Execute Cycles (I.e: Functions of these cycles – what it fetches and what it executes).
Fetch is two stages involved in computer processing. The processor operates by processing instructions in what is called fetch/execute cycle." The processor fetches(reads from memory) an instruction and then, depending on the instruction, executes it (takes some further actions with it, such as shifting bits to the right or left). Then it fetches the next instruction, and so forth. During the fetch cycle:
d.) What is Stored Program Concept?
In Stored Program Concept, both the instructions and the data (that the instructions operate on) are stored in the computer memory itself. Thus instruction like data can be read from the memory and written to the memory by the processor.
The processor then addresses the memory, reads the corresponding instructions, executes them and according to the executed instruction, processes (reads and writes) data as well.
Hope this helps...
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