Problem 1. (10) Describe the steps in knowledge discovery. For each step, please

Question

Problem 1. (10) Describe the steps in knowledge discovery. For each step, please give a brief descript involved in data mining when viewed as a process of Problem 2. (10) Suppose a group of 12 students with the test scores listed as follows: 19, 71, 48, 63, 35, 85, 69, 81, 72, 88, 99, 95. Please smooth the data by "bin means" with the following partitioning methods: 2.1 Partition them into four bins by equal-frequency (equal-depth); then smooth them by means 2.2 Partition them into four bins by equal-width method; then smooth them by means

Explanation / Answer

Data (Given Test Score) : 19 ,71,48,63,35,85,69,81,72,88,99,95

Sort Data: 19,35, 48,63,69,71,72,81,85,88,95,99

Equal-Depth(Equal-frequency ) :

Algorithm:

Divide the data into N equal groups

Bin1: 19,35, 48

Bin2: 63,69,71

Bin3: 72,81,85

Bin4: 88,95,99

Smoothing by means:

Bin1: 34,34,34

Bin2: 68,68,68

Bin3: 80,80,80

Bin4: 94,94,94

Equal-Width:

Algorithm :

w = (max-min)/N

w=(99-19)/4 =20

interval boundaries

min+w, min+2w,min+3w, min+(N-1)w

[-,39], [39,59],[59,79],[79,+]

Bin1: 19,35

Bin2: 48

Bin3: 63,69,71,72

Bin4:81,85, 88,95,99

Smoothing by means:

Bin1: 27,27

Bin2:48

Bin3:69,69,69,69

Bin4:90,90,90,90,90

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