Problem 2 [fixed point]. You are tasked with determining how many bits are neces

Question

Problem 2 [fixed point].

You are tasked with determining how many bits are necessary to store some unsigned fixed point numbers. The constraints you are given are as follows:

- The whole portion of the numbers (the part to the left of the decimal point) must be able to store a maximum value of 511.

- The fractional portion of the numbers (the part to the right of the decimal point) must have a precision of 1/128. In other words, the fractional part must be able to represent any number x/128 where x ranges from 0 to 127.

How many bits are required for a fixed point number that meets these constraints? Explain your reasoning.

Problem 3 [fixed point].

Say you are handed two fixed point numbers A and B, where each of them contain N binary digits for the whole portion and M digits for the fractional portion. How does multiplication affect the number of bits that are required in the result if we multiply A and B if we do not want to lose any information?

If you are stuck and don’t know where to begin, work through some examples: let N=2 and M=1, or N=3, M=2.

Problem 4 [networking concepts].

Say Alice and Bob are conducting online financial transactions on the web, and wish to protect their credit card information from malicious parties on the internet.

a. What protocols will be involved in a secure web transaction? [Hint: there are at least two]. Explain briefly the role that each protocol that you list plays in their transaction.

b. What piece of information do both Alice and Bob keep secret to ensure that nobody can decode the messages they are sending back and forth? What happens if this secret leaks out?

Explanation / Answer

Protocol means a set of rules to transfer the message with others through the packets. there are various type of protocols TCP/IP protocols are common examples.
In secure web transaction HTTP and HTTPS protocols are involved. hyper text protocol and hyper text protocol secure. instead of HTTP we can use HTTPS in web secure transaction here Secure socket layer (SSL) is there it can secure the data omly authenticate users can access or read the data. HTTP it is a protoco; which is used to connect web servers it will establish the connection in between web servers. in http we can transfer the data easily. but in through HTTPS only sender and the recipient could open the mesaage, they still cannot understand it. only the sender and the recipient can decode the message with cipher key. there are two type of keys public key and private key. sender will encrypt the data with cipher key the person who have the cipher key can decode the message. in secure web transactions this is the main advantage of using HTTP protocol.

In financial transactions the data should be secure. confidential data will be there in financial transactions users account details, their transaction details would be there so we need to secure with all possibilities we need to protect then only authorised users can read it.

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