Given the array declaration int a[20], The first element is written as: a[1] a[1

Question

Given the array declaration int a[20], The first element is written as: a[1] a[19] a a[20] a[0] Are the following array initializations correct? If not, why not? const int SIZE = 4; int x[SIZE]; int x[] = {8, 7, 6, 5, 4}; const int SIZE = 4; int x[SIZE-4]; int x[4] = {8, 7, 6}; int x[4] = {8, 7, 6, 5. 4}; What is the output of the following code (assuming it is embedded in a correct and complete program)? okceg kceg followed by a character from an out of bounds access. ecko followed by a character from an out of bounds access. gecko Correct answer not listed Specify what the output is.

Explanation / Answer

(1)

   (i)       In the declaration int a[20], an array is declared of integer data type and that holds 20 elements.
  
   (ii)   Array indices start from 0 to length-1. So for an array of size 20, array indices start from 0 to 19.
  
   First element is written as a[0] and last element is written as a[19].
  
   Hence the correct option is (e)
  
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(2)
   Array initialization:

   (a) const int SIZE = 4; int x[SIZE];
  
       This is a valid initialization. Variable SIZE is declared of constant integer of size 4 and then an array x is declared of integer data type and of length SIZE.
      
       Array x hold values from indices 0 to 3 (Both inclusive)
      
      
   (b)   int x[] = {8,7,6,5,4};
  
       This is a valid initialization. Size is determined based on number of elements assigned with in the curly braces.
      
       Declares an array of size 5 for five elements.
      
      
   (c) const int SIZE = 4; int x[SIZE-4];
  
       This is not a valid initialization. Variable SIZE is declared of constant integer of size 4 and then an array x is declared of integer data type and of length SIZE-4.
      
       SIZE-4 gives a value 0.
      
       An array cannot be allocated of constant size 0.
          
  
   (d)   int x[4] = {8,7,6};
  
       This is a valid initialization. Size is declared to be of 4 and elements are assigned with in the curly braces.
      
       This is valid until number of elements with in the curly braces are less than or equal to declared size of an array.
      
  
   (e)   int x[4] = {8,7,6,5,4};
      
       This is not a valid initialization. Size is declared to be of 4 and elements are assigned with in the curly braces are 5.
      
       Number of elements with in the curly braces are greater than declared size of an array.
      
      
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(3)

   (i)    Char array of size 5 is declared and characters 'o', 'k', 'c', 'e', 'g' are assigned with in the curly braces.

   (ii)   for loop runs from i value 4 to 0 at a increment value of -1.
  
   (iii)   Array elements are printed in the order letter[4] to letter[0].
  
   (iv)   Hence the Output of the given code is gecko
  
   Correct option is (d)

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