Answer to these question in details please do not copy and paste from online res

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Answer to these question in details please do not copy and paste from online resources.... I need a reasonable and understandable ansewers.

2. Many business IT solutions departments elect to standardize all language, database, and other tool choices into an Architectural Reference to which all projects must adhere. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this kind of standardization? 3. Unit testing often involves testing units of code that operate using external resources such as the filesystem, the internet, or a database. Describe and provide an example (you should create executable code, but l only need the test function) of dependency injection/inversion of control to enable such a test to operate.

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Ease of use: The revision of any information as tables consisting of rows and columns is much easier to understand
Flexibility: Different tables from which information has to be linked and extracted can be easily manipulated by operators such as project and join to give information in the form in which it is desired.
Precision: The usage of relational algebra and relational calculus in the manipulation of he relations between the tables ensures that there is no ambiguity, which may otherwise arise in establishing the linkages in a complicated network type database.
Security: Security control and authorization can also be implemented more easily by moving sensitive attributes in a given table into a separate relation with its own authorization controls. If authorization requirement permits, a particular attribute could be joined back with others to enable full information retrieval.
Data Manipulation Language: The possibility of responding to query by means of a language based on relational algebra and relational calculus e.g SQL is easy in the relational database approach. For data organized in other structure the query language either becomes complex or extremely limited in its capabilities.

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Disadvantages

Performance: A major constraint and therefore disadvantage in the use of relational database system is machine performance. If the number of tables between which relationships to be established are large and the tables themselves effect the performance in responding to the sql queries.

2. Physical Storage Consumption:With an interactive system, for example an operation like join would depend upon the physical storage also. It is, therefore common in relational databases to tune the databases and in such a case the physical data layout would be chosen so as to give good performance in the most frequently run operations. It therefore would naturally result in the fact that the lays frequently run operations would tend to become even more shared.

3. Slow extraction of meaning from data: if the data is naturally organized in a hierarchical manner and stored as such, the hierarchical approach may give quick meaning for that data

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