1) What are some of the ways a wireless data connection could be made over a lon

Question

1) What are some of the ways a wireless data connection could be made over a long distance such as 30 miles or more? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method?

2) Which security standard is compatible with the 802.11i standard and which ones are not?

3) What percentage of buildings have a fiber optic cable connection to them and why?

4) Explain the differences between 1G, 2G, and 3G networks.

5) Give two examples of types of applications or products that would utilize sensory tags.

6) What are the main steps to take before deploying a wireless network.

Explanation / Answer

1)

Wi-Fi is an alliance that certifies wireless devices based on the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 standard. The standard was first introduced in 1997, but this initial standard allowed for capacities of 1 or 2 Mbps and is no longer used by the wireless community. In 1999, IEEE 802.11a and 802.11b were introduced, allowing for 54 Mbps in a 5 GHz band and 11 Mbps in a 2.4 GHz band respectively [Jai08a]. 802.11a has a range of about 100 feet and 802.11b can cover up to 350 feet outdoors and 150 feet indoors [Hay07].

It was at the time that 802.11a and 802.11b were introduced that the Wi-Fi alliance formed and started its work certifying wireless devices [Wif08]. Since that time, 802.11 has been expanded further to include standards such as 802.11g, added in 2003 to allow for 54 Mbps transmissions in the 2.4 GHz band at ranges of 350 ft outdoors and 150 feet indoors [Hay07]; 802.11e, added in 2005 for quality of service requirements; 802.11i, added in 2004 or enhanced security; 802.11n, added or higher throughput of up to 200 Mbps; and 802.11s, added for Mesh Networks [Jai08a].

a) Wi-Fi itself has its own set of certification requirements based on the 802.11 standards. All Wi-Fi approved single mode devices must be compliant with standards 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g. Dual mode products must comply with 802.11b and 802.11g, and multi-band devices must use the 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz spectrums. Devices must have WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) or WPA2 security and use EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol). Other option services for Wi-Fi devices include support for 802.11n, security feature set-up, multimedia transfer, power save modes for multimedia, and details about performance in a converged handset and interaction with other Wi-Fi devices

b)

After Wi-Fi came WiMAX, a farther reaching wireless technology based on the IEEE 802.16 standard presented in 2004 and 2005 [Jai08b]. Like Wi-Fi, WiMAX technology is openly available and is actually a group that approves devices as supporting WiMAX technology. WiMAX reduces the 802.16 standard to a smaller set of requirements. WiMAX has data rates as high as 70 Mbps and can reach up to 50 kms or just over 30 miles. WiMAX is also highly mobile whereas Wi-Fi has almost no mobility, and provides excellent security and non-line-of-site services [Wim08]. Also, WiMAX can operate on any of many different bands [Jai08b]. As Paul Davidson of USA Today states, "WiMAX is like Wi-Fi

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