There is a breakthrough in cancer research and a new drug seems to cure anyone w
ID: 3526474 • Letter: T
Question
There is a breakthrough in cancer research and a new drug seems to cure anyone who takes it for a year, but it is very rare and expensive, so there is only enough for a few patients. Kantian/deontological/duty ethical theory would favor allocating this drug according to:
Who would contribute most to society.
Who would live the longest.
Who had the most children dependent on him or her.
Who was the sickest.
A lottery.
A shipwreck has occurred in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, and there was no time to radio for help. It is a thousand miles distance to Africa. Rescue may not be coming. A captain has a gun in a lifeboat but too many people want to get in and a storm approaches. If the captain follows utilitarian ethical theory he will choose to include which of the following as those who get to stay inside (and probably, to live)?
Only those already inside the boat with whom he has developed a caring relationship (personal connection).
He would choose by drawing straws (use a lottery).
He would choose those who were the strongest (best rowers, most endurance).
He would give up his place to an elderly person in the water who was likely to soon drown (selflessness).
He would not make any choice at all.
Physicians receive special powers, income, and prestige from society and, in return, are asked to help patients. Medical training requires this trait, as demands on a student increase on a slope between premedical years and residency. Self- sacrifice is part of medicine. Ideally, physicians should want to help others, but if the internal desire is lacking, they should act this way out of duty.
In the passage above from Medical Ethics: Accounts of Ground-Breaking Cases (Pence), “this trait” refers to which guiding principle of bioethics:
Autonomy
Beneficence
Benevolence
Nonmaleficence
Anonymity
4. [in Roe v. Wade] A woman’s right to abort her fetus was balanced against the rights of the fetus to live, which expanded as its gestational age increased. The Court decided that the State’s interest in protecting unborn life becomes compelling at viability, such that after that point, their interest in protecting unborn life allows states to pass laws banning most abortions. In 1973 in Roe v. Wade, the Court used a trimester system to mark viability, where viability divided the second from the third trimester of fetal development. The Court defined viability as the point when a fetus is able to live outside the mother’s womb. It placed viability between 24 and 28 weeks. A later decision by this Court ignored the trimester system but retained viability as the key marker.
In the passage above from Medical Ethics: Accounts of Ground-Breaking Cases (Pence), in crafting their landmark Roe v. Wade what was the ultimate decision based on:
Nonmaleficence towards a woman and autonomy of a fetus
Beneficence towards a woman and Nonmaleficence towards a fetus.
Autonomy of a woman and justice for a fetus
Justice for a woman and beneficence towards a fetus
Benevolence towards a woman and beneficence towards a fetus
A.Who would contribute most to society.
B.Who would live the longest.
C.Who had the most children dependent on him or her.
D.Who was the sickest.
E.A lottery.
Explanation / Answer
A. Who would contribute most to the society as this is the only option which is related to duties of people C. He would choose those who were the strongest ( the best rowers, most endirance) as their utility is more and hence using utilitarian theory it will be the ideal choice Nonmaleficence as it accounts for the act of either doing no harm or doing minimal harm to do a greater good D. Justice for a woman and beneficence towards a fetus as the women get justice from the law and the good is maximized for the fetus o
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