The Stages of Sleep & Their Connection with Memory You can use your textbook and

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The Stages of Sleep & Their Connection with Memory

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http://www.howsleepworks.com/types_nonrem.html

Stage of Sleep

Age Differences (if any) in stage of sleep

Signs & Symptoms of Someone Asleep in this Stage

How Easy or Hard is it to Wake from this Stage?

Brain Activity that Occurs during this Stage

Connection between this Stage of Sleep & Memory

NREM 1

NREM 2

NREM 3

REM

Please answer the following questions briefly.

THE BRAIN
-What parts of brain anatomy are active during sleep?

DREAMS
-Why do people dream? Compare two or more theories.

Genetics Worksheet

1. Define the following:

           a. Genes

          

           b. Chromosomes

          

           c. DNA

          

           d. Alleles

          

           e. Dominant Recessive

          

           f. X-Linked

2. What are polygenic and multifactorial gene interactions?

3. What is meant by heritability?

4. Distinguish between genotype and phenotype.

5. What is epigenetics and what is one of the main biochemical mechanisms?

Stage of Sleep

Age Differences (if any) in stage of sleep

Signs & Symptoms of Someone Asleep in this Stage

How Easy or Hard is it to Wake from this Stage?

Brain Activity that Occurs during this Stage

Connection between this Stage of Sleep & Memory

NREM 1

NREM 2

NREM 3

REM

Explanation / Answer

1.During dreaming whole brain is active ,and that is from the brain stem to the cortex.REM (rapid eye movement) sleep is the stage at which most of the dreams takes place.RAS or reticular activating system RAS regulates REM which is the part of sleep-wake cycle .The circuits of RAS run from the brain stem through the thalamus to the cortex.

2. There are many theories given by the psychologist to explain why people dreams. so some main theories are there to define this"

i) The psychoanalytic theory: wish fulfillment and unresolved problems:

This theory given by Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung,

Freud:

Freud proposed that our dreams are a form of wish fulfillment. They are a disguised fulfillment of repressed wishes, and can be analyzed for deeper meaning.

our unconscious desires, wishes and thoughts. So in our sleep we play out fantasies or unconscious wishes, often related to childhood are all represented by our dreams.

He said dream content was sexual in nature. But later on he told about influence of  trauma and aggression on dreams.

On the otherhand ,Jung defines dreams as an expressions of unresolved issues. He felt they revealed which emotional problems, worries and fears we needed to be aware of, and address.

ii) The activation-synthesis theory: This theory proposed by Hobson and Robert McCarley in 1977 the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming.This theory was given to understand the role that brain activity plays in dreaming.

This theory challenged Freud’s ideas about dreams being secret desires. They said that during REM sleep, specific areas of the brain are activated, such as the amydala and hippocampus.

Amydala and hippocampus are the areas of the brain involved in emotions, memories and sensations. Thus they proposed that when they are activated during sleep, the brain tries to interpret the activity, which creates dreams.They said that dreams are the random brain activity that brain trying to create meaning of that activity and this happens during sleep

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