1. Albuterol is a drug that causes bronchodilation. It is a NE mimic. What cardi

Question

1. Albuterol is a drug that causes bronchodilation. It is a NE mimic. What cardiovascular side effect would it cause?

?increase vasodilation.

--decrease heart rate

--increase heart rate

--decrease blood pressure

2. The facts that the atria are electrically separated from the ventricles, and that the conducting system does not share gap junctions with ventricular cells except at the Purkinje fibers:

--allows the right side of the heart to contract before the left side

--causes the plateau phase of action potential

--allows the atria to contract before the ventricles

---allows the pacemaker cells to sponaneously depolarize

3. During the plateau phase of cardiac cell action potential (select the FOUR correct answers):

--the cell is hyperpolarized

--the cell remains depolarized

--the cell is contracted

-- K+ is leaving the cell

--Ca 2+ is entering the cell

--Na+ is leaving the cell

4. The pacemaker cells of the heart would spontaneously depolarize at a rate of 80-100 times per minute if left to their own devices. The fact that the average heart rate is 75 beats/minute is because of the influence of _____ which transmits the neurotransmitter _____.

---Sympathetic division; NE

---Parasynmpathetic division; Ach

---Parasympathetic division; NE

5. The P wave of an electrocardiogram (ECG) indicates:

--Ventricular depolarization

-- Ventricular repolarization

-- Atrial depolarization

---Atrial repolarization

6. Which of the following is FALSE about Cardiac Output?

---it is genetically determined and does not change throughout the day

---Ach (acetylcholine) decreases CO

---when venous return of blood increases, CO increases

---it is determined by Heart Rate and Stroke Volume

--- sympathetic activation increases CO

7. The period when Na+ channels are closed, K+ channels are open, and Ca2+ channels are open, is referred to as the _________. During this phase, a cardiac cell is in an extended depolarized state.

--repolariztion

--ionic flux

--Threshold

--Plateau

8. Increased PCO2 within an alveolus would cause:

--- its bronchiole to dilate

--its bronchiole to constrict

---decreased breathing rate

---arterioles serving it to dilate

9. Where is O2-Hb affinity lowest?

---lungs

---high metabolic tissues

---low metabolic tissues

10. Which of the following stimuli would NOT NORMALLY trigger an increase in breathing rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure?

---increased blood [H+]

--increased PCO2

---decreased blood pH

---decreased PO2

Explanation / Answer

Ans

1)

Cardiovascular side effect of albuterol is increase heart rate that is tachycardia.

2)

Gap junctions in purkinje fibres allow the pacemaker cells to spontaneously depolarise.

3)

During plateau phase ,

The cell is contracted

K+ is leaving the cell

Ca2+ is entering the cell

Na+ is leaving the cell

4)

Average heart rate is 75 beats per minute due to influence of parasympathetic system and Acetylcholine neurotransmitter.

U post rest part in another question.

According to Chegg guidelines , we have to answer min 4 question at a time.

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