Anatomy and PhysiologyI In Class Assignment-Chapter 14 Professor: Mark D. Graves
ID: 3524098 • Letter: A
Question
Anatomy and PhysiologyI In Class Assignment-Chapter 14 Professor: Mark D. Graves Question 1: Explain the term dual innervation. Considering the activity of the ANS, provide 3 examples of dual innervations. Be sure to note the branch and its effect Points earned 1p Question 2: How is the Parasympathetic and Sympathetic nervous systems anatomically similar? Different? Points earned 1pt Question 3: What is the origin of the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Preganglionic neurons? Points earned /1pt Question 4: What is the importance of the Vagus nerve in the ANS? Points earned /1pt Question 5: What branch(es) of the ANS would use ACh? Epi? NE? Points earned 1pt Question 6: What do fight or flight' and 'rest and digest mean? Points earned /1ptExplanation / Answer
Answer 1- 'Dual innervation' is the term used when an organ is supplied by the fibres of both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
The effect produced may be antagonistic , complementary and cooperative.
Examples-
Antagonistic - Heart - Adrenergic stimulation from sympathetic fibres increases heart rate whereas release of acetylcholine from parasympathetic fibres decreases heart rate.
Complementary - Salivary gland - The secretion of watery saliva is stimulated by parasympathetic nerves whereas the secretion of viscous saliva is stimulated by sympathetic nerves.
Cooperative - Penis - Erection lf penis is due to vasodilation due to stimulation of parasympathetic fibres whereas ejaculation is due to stimulation of sympathetic fibres.
Answer 2 - Both these systems are the part of our Autonomic nervous system ( ANS ).
Similarity -Both of these systems are a part of ANS which comprises of motor neurons that innervates smooth muscles , cardiac muscles and glands.They also consists of sensory neurons which innervates visceral organs and blood vessels.
Difference - The sympathetic nervous system originates from T1 to L2 segments of spinal cord , therefore, known as Thoracolumbar outflow.
The parasympathetic nervous system originates from cranial nuclei ( 3, 7 , 9 ,10) and S2-S4 segments of spinal cord, therefore , known as Craniosacral outflow.
Answer 3 - The preganglionic neurons of sympathetic system originates from T1 to L2 segments of spinal cord.
The preganglionic neurons of parasympathetic system originates from cranial nuclei ( 3, 7 , 9 ,10) and S2-S4 segments of spinal cord.
Answer 4 - The vagus nerve is the tenth cranial nerve and the longest nerve of the autonomic nervous system in the human body.Previously known as 'Pneumogastric' nerve.
It has a parasympathetic control of heart , lungs and digestive tract and also has a sympathetic function via the peripheral chemoreceptors ( of carotid and aortic bodies ).
Rest questions , you should do by yourself.
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