(30 points) Valvular stenosis and valvular regurgitation are diseases of the hea
ID: 3523633 • Letter: #
Question
(30 points) Valvular stenosis and valvular regurgitation are diseases of the heart valves that can affect blood flow and cardiovascular function. a. Explain how heart valves normally work to ensure single-direction blood flow and why that is important to normal cardiovascular function. Include an explanation of the forces involved in causing the valves to open and close. b. Describe how either of these conditions in the mitral valve would affect blood flow and cardiac output. c. These conditions may lead to secondary pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the pulmonary circuit) and pulmonary edema (fluid build up in and around the lungs). Explain why these secondary diseases would occur and why they would occur in the pulmonary, rather than the systemic, circuit. Incorporate factors that affect blood flow and pressure, as well as capillary exchange, in your answer.
Explanation / Answer
a)VALVE FUNCTION AND MECHANISM?
The valves prevents backflow of the blood and has flaps to direct blood to the ventricles and outside the ventricles.
_when left ventricles relaxes aortic valves closes and mitral valve opens to allow the blood from left atrium to left ventricles.
_left atrium contracts to allow to allow more blood to left ventricles.
-left ventricles contracts mitral valve closes and aortic valve opens so blood flows into aorta.
b)conditions affecting blood flow and cardiac output:
Regurgitation causes backflow of blood resulting in leakage of blood back to the atrium. or back to the ventricles.
Stenosis refers to the narrowing of the valves which causes extra amount of pressure upon the valves for the unidirectional flow of the blood across the chambers .
Stenosis would decrease the cardiac output .
c)Pulomnary hypertension and pulmonary edema:
pulmonary hypertension is due to the narrowing of the pulmonary arteries which carries blood from the right ventricles to the lungs.
often leading to increased workload upon heart so leading to right heart failure.symptoms include cyanosis, fatigue, dyspnoea,
pulmonary oedema is due to the left and right heart dysfunction.
often having symptomatic ankle enema.
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