According to Human Physiology... please answer the following questions with deta

Question

According to Human Physiology... please answer the following questions with detailed explanationsl, thanks.

1) The acrosome reaction and the role of calcium

2) When does ovulation occur?

3) Where fertilization of the egg occurs?

4) Hormones detected in the ovulation and pregnancy test?

5) Tonic versus phasic receptors?

6) Normal blood glucose and pH levels; how much blood does the average adult have?

7) The terms: independent/dependent variable, hypothesis, control, variable, treatment?

8) Negative versus positive feedback and examples of each?

9) Causes/symptoms of ketonuria and all types of diabetes?

Explanation / Answer

1) Acrosome reaction takes place in sperm. It is important step for fertilization. Acrosome reaction helps the sperm to penetrate through zona pellucida and fuse with oocyte membrane.
- Calcium helps in capacitation. Capacitation is the phase during acrozomal reaction.
Calcium enters the spermatozoa through ion channels signaling the cortical granuals of oocyte to bind with outer me

2) Ovulation occurs usually on 14th day of mentrual cycle. When primary follicles in ovaries mature to grafian follicle, it releases ovum and the process is called ovulation.

3) Fertilization of an egg normally takes place in fallopian tube of uterus.

4) Detection of Leutinizing hormones indicates Ovulation
Detection of HCG ( human chorionic gonadotropin) indicates Pregnancy

5) Tonic receptor

Phasic receptors

6) Normal blood glucose levels : 70 - 120 mg/DL ( 5.5 mmol/L)
Normal Ph levels : 7.35 - 7.45 in blood and 6 in urine

7) TERMS

8) Negative feedback : It is a reaction that causes decrease in the function.
Example : When body experiences increased sugar levels, pancreas is triggered to secret insulin that transport glucose to liver and muscles.

Positive feedback : The feedback enhances the function of original stimuli.
Example : During labour, uterine contactions are generated with help of oxytocin.

9) Ketonuria in diabetes

Causes

Symptoms

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