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ATP is required for troponin to move off of the myosin binding sites of the tropomyosin molecule.

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False

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When new bone tissue is built, the type of cell that ultimately becomes embedded within the bone matrix is the:

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a. osteoblast

b. osteocyte

c. osteoclast

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Capillaries can be as wide as one red blood cell thick.

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False

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Polysaccharides are made when monosaccharides are bound together through:

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a. condensation synthesis

b. hydrolysis

c. hydrogen bonding

d. an ionic bond

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What is true about asbestos:

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a. it causes the lysosomes to burst and release enzymes into the entire cell

b. teh lysosome cannot break down asbestos with its digestive enzymes

c. asbestos can increase your risk for lung cancer

d. it causes impaired respiratory function

e. all of the above

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Which white blood cell is the first to arrive to the site if an infection?

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a. monocyte

b. neutrophil

c. lymphocyte

d. eosinophil

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Platelets are pieces of the megakaryocyte cell.

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False

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The cytotoxic T cell plays an integral role in the antibody-mediated response.

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False

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Which part of the mitochondria is said to be the site of ATP synthesis:

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a. cristae

b. outer membrane

c. cytoplasm

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Where does blood get deoxygenated

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a. the heart

b. the lungs

c. tissues all over the body

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When blood enters the heart, it always first enters an atrium and then continues to a ventricle.

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False

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Leukocytes is the technical term for a white blood cell.

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False

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The following is the order of blood flow through the chambers of the heart: inferior and superior vena cava --> right atrium --> right ventricle --> pulmonary vein --> lungs --> pulmonary artery --> left atrium --> left ventricle --> aorta

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False

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Homeostasis is a mechanism that the body uses to balance its internal environment. There are 3 components to the homeostatic mechanism: receptor, control center and effector.

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False

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Where in adults does blood cell production occur?

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a. in the marrow within the medullary cavity

b. in the yellow bone marrow

c. in the marrow within the spongy bone tissue

d. in the red bone marrow

e. both c and d

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Which of the following are considered to be part of the "innate immune system"?

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a. fever

b. stomach acids

c. interferons

d. T lymphocytes

e. pores developing in the wall of a bactrium, causing it to burst

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Which of the following produces ATP:

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a. glycolysis

b. transition reaction

c. citric acid cycle

d. electron transport chain

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The atrioventricular valve prevents blood from backflowing from the atrium into the ventricle.

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True

False

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The use of anabolic steroids can cause the user to have a heart attack.

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True

False

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Which part of the conduction system of the heart is considered to be the heart's pacemaker, i.e. it maintains the steady beat of the heart.

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a. SA node

b. AV node

c. Purkinje fibers

d. Bundle of His

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The stomach contains 3 layers of skeletal muscle.

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False

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When evaluating askin growth to see if it is melanoma, we look at 4 things: asymmetry, undefined borders, multiple mottled colors and grwoths larger than half a centimeter.

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True

False

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The molecules that help the body idetify cells as "self" (i.e. not foreign) are the:

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a. antigens

b. memory cells

c. major histocompatibility complex markers

d. macrophages

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The hair root can be found in which layer of the skin?

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a. epidermis

b. dermis

c. subcutaneous layer

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This type of bone cell is responsible for building new bone tissue. It is the:

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a. osteoblast

b. osteocyte

c. osteoclast

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The main molecule that makes up the "walls" of the cell is the ________ molecule.

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a. carbohydrate

b. water

c. phospholipid

d. triglyceride

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Mitochondrial diseases that are inherited are more likely to be inherited from the mother than the father.

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True

False

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Which part of the hemoglobin molecule does the oxygen bind to?

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a. globulin

b. heme disc

c. iron

d. alpha chain

e. beta chain

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Rigor mortis refers to the stiffening of the body when a person dies. The reason the body stiffens is because, in the contraction cycle, ATP is required for muscle to relax.

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True

False

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Which part of the neuron would you likely find the mitochondria?

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a. axon

b. dendrite

c. nucleus

d. cell body

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An autoimmune disorder is when the person's immune system has trouble distinguishing between selfand non-self. Their immune system attacks the person's own cells because it thinks that those cells are foreign when they actually aren't.

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True

False

Explanation / Answer

1. False, It's Calcium ions that are required to move of the tropomyosin off the actin binding active sites. When troponin accepts the Calcium ions which are produced as a result of release of neurotransmitters due to a stimulus leading to muscle contraction from the Sarcaplasmic reticulum and binding with the troponin molecule further leading to the tropomyosin to expose the actin active binding sites. ATP comes into picture, when energy is required. When the actin binding sites are fully exposed, the mysoin head binds to that active myosin binding site on the actin filament thus forming Cross Bridge. This process required energy which is gotten in the form of ATP Hydrolysis.

2. A) Osteoblast

osteoblasts are basically the derivatives of cells associated with blood vessels. Osteoblasts produces collagen, which contains Calcium Phosphate within. They get embedded & differentiate into osteocytes within the matrix. It serves as a Calcium reservoir and provides structural support for locomotion.

3. True

They are the smallest blood vessels seen in a human body. Consists of endothelial tissues, which are further made of the endothelial cells, which are quite thick. These capillaries with these 1 cell layer thick allow the passage of RBC's and WBC's through them.

4. A) Condensation synthesis.

Get the two terms straight here,

Hydrolysis and condensation.

Hydrolysis, in this term "lysis" stands for breakdown. So, it's the breakdon of water molecule in the most simple of terms.

Whereas in condensation, it is the joining of two molecules.

Polysaccharides are made of up sub-units of many monosaccharides which are held to each other via the condenstaion synthesis.

6. Neutrophills

These are the granular white blood cells which arrive at the infection site. They make up about 60 to 80% of the White Blood Cells in the human body. These cells engulf and thereby destroy that certain micro-organism which had earlier caused the infection by a process known as "Phagocytosis"

Hope that helps! Cheers!

If any more doubts, would be happy to help!

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