The current understanding of the medullary respiratory ing of the neural control

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The current understanding of the medullary respiratory ing of the neural control of respiration indicates that the DRG is the most cr control center - acting as the "pacemaker", etc 45 The structure of your incisors allows them to function as your primary grinding/mashing t 46. The ONLY layer of the GI tube with direct or intimate association with your ingested food is called the 7.The most powerful regulator/stimulator of the Digestive System is the presence of food in the tube. 48.Digestion, for us in this class, specifically means the enzymatic breakdown of macromolecules tunica submucosa The higher your level of LDLs and the lower the level of your HDLs the better- meaning the less your risk for cardiovascular disease & dysfunction. Complex Il in the ETS is the only one that does not "pump" a proton into the intermembrane space. Ifoxygen is not present, pyruvate can be enzymatically converted into lactate or ethyl alcohol. Juxtamedullary nephrons have really long nephric loops that descend deep into the medullary salt gradient &, although they are the minority, play the primary role in regulating final urine volume. 50. 51. . __ 53. The Nephric Loop (Loop of Henlé) is considered to be the "diluting segment" of a nephron. 54. Regulation of the acid-base balance of your body is accomplished mainly through respiratory control with the kidneys only playing a small, almost unimportant role. The "default" condition of urine production is to create small amounts of extremely concentrated urine. Oaly "free" H ions in a solution "count" towards or are capable of changing body fluid pH. ANP is secreted from the atria & causes DCT & CD to excrete Na ions& therefore H0. 57 The "Trigone" is a special area of the bladder marked by the entrances of the ureters and the urethral exit. This specific region is innervated by the ANS in the exact same way as the rest of the bladder. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide carrier feeding into the Electron Transport System at high energy Complex I results in creating the conditions that produce approximately three (3) ATP The final fate of each of the six carbons of a glucose molecule is as a carbon dioxide molecule. Cells are unable to generate enough ATP to survive in temporary anaerobic conditions Glucose is the only molecule that can be metabolized into ATP. 61. The GI tube has its own nervous system (about as sophisticated as an earthworm) called the Enteric Nervous System which contains approximately the same number of neurons as the spinal cord Peristalsis can only proceed in the oral-to-anal direction in every part of the gastrointestinal tube. The main or one of the most important functions of the large intestine is reabsorption of water 64. 66. The composition of inspired atmospheric air changes little and almost exactly matches the air in alveoli. 67 Your "need to breathe or ventilation drive is to get CO, out more than it is to get O, into your system. Normal TV expiration is a passive process caused by lung elasticity & diaphragm relaxation. Multiple Choice Section For each of the following questions, correcaly select and mark the answer from the list of choices provided There is only one correct answer for each question 69. The nerve responsible for innervation of the diaphragm is the a. Pudendal nerve b. Vagus nerve c. S1-S2 parasympathetic nerves d. Phrenic nerve e. Diaphragmatic nerve

Explanation / Answer

Answer: d. Phrenic nerve

Phrenic nerve is a mixed somatic nerve which originates in the neck and then passes down below and reach to the diaphragm after going through thorax. It provides motor innervation to diaphragm. They are present on both the sides as left phrenic nerve and right phrenic nerve. It also innervates pericardium and mediastinal part of parietal pleura. It has a very important role in respiration as diaphragm is one of the key structure in that process.

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