31. Which of the following changes occurs daring the female sexual excitement ph

Question

31. Which of the following changes occurs daring the female sexual excitement phase? 1. Clitoral erection 2. Enlargement of breasts 3. Labial engorgement or swelling 4. Skin-flush; reddening of face, neck, etc. 5. Erection of nipples 6. Lubricant fluid forced into the vaginal lumen a. b. c. d. e. 1. 2,3 1, 2, 4, 6 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 1,3, 4, 5, 6 1,2,3, 4, 5,6 32. Which of the following events occur during the Plateau phase of the female sexual response eycle a. "Tenting effect" in the upper 2/3 of the vagina b. Increased HR, BP, Respiratory rate, & muscle tension c. Vaginal contraction or tightening around thrusting erect penis All of the above Only a &b; d. e. 33. Blockage or prevention of sperm transport to the ovum can be accomplished by 1. Tubal ligation 4. Vasectomy 5. Coitus interruptus 2. Use of a condom 3. Abstinence a. 1,2, 3 b. 1,2, 4, 6 c. 1,2, 4, 5,6 d. 2,3, 5, 6 e. 1,2, 3,4,5,6 34. Which of the following is a function of Sertoli (Nurse) cells found within the wall of seminiferous tubules? Create Blood-Testis Barrier Secrete ABP Secrete Inhibin 4. Nourish developing sperm 5. Secrete seminiferous tubule fluid 6. Phagocytosis within testis 1. 2. a. 1,2, 3 b. 4,5,6 c. 1,2,5,6 d. 2,3,4,5,6 e. 1,2,3,4, 5,6 35. Which of the following embryonic tissues is the precursor to erectile tissues in the adult? ( penis&Qelitoris;) a. Genital Tubercle b. Urethral Folds c. Genital Swellings d. all of the above e. only a &b;

Explanation / Answer

31. Option E.

Explanation

Excitement phase is marked as the first phase of the sexual response cycle in both males as well as females. This phase is also characterized as the beginning of the sexual arousal. It is marked by few characteristics in both males and females like-

This phase is later marked by the plateau phase which then is followed by the orgasm and resolution phase respectively.

32. Option E.

Explanation:

The sexual response cycle is divided into four phases namely-

The excitement phase

The plateau phase

Orgasm

Resolution stage

Plateau stage is the one which is marked by an increase in the heart rate for both the sexes. It is also marked by an increase in the breathing rate, increased muscle tensions which thus gets continued. Also the upper two-third portion of the vaginal tissues gets engorged with the blood so as to allow as easy entry of male copulatory organ and the color of clitoric tissues changes to black.

33. Option E

Explanation.

Contraception is a method of avoiding the conception that is the sperms are not allowed to fused with the eggs. Contraception is of two ways-

Natural methods and artificial methods.

Natural methods includes:

Periodic abstinence: this is the phase ( day 7-17) which is marked by the temporary avoidance of the sex as during this phase the ovulation occurs under the influence of LH (Luteinizing Hormone surge). It is to be noted that generally ovulation occurs on the 14th day of every menstrual cycle.

Coitus interruptus/withdrawal method: this is the method wherein the males would withdraw their copualtory organ immediately before ejaculation. Hence the semen would be ejaculated outside the vaginal tissues

Lactational amernorrhoea: this phase is characterized as the absence of menstruation during the phase of lactation that is breast feeding stage. When no menstruation then no ovulation, and hence no eggs. Hence sperms cannot fuse with the eggs.

Artificial methods include:

Use of condoms: condoms acts as a barrier which are meant to be wore on the tip of the ejaculatory organ in males and over vaginal tissues in females.

In males when wore, they trap all the semen which is dropped and hence does not allows the fusion of sperms to eggs

Spermicidal preparations: spermicidal preparations are the set of creams or jellies which when applied over the vaginal surface kills all the sperms. Hence no sperms are available for their fusion with the eggs.

Vasectomy- it refers to the cutting and then tying of a portion of the vas deferens. It is cut in such a way that vas deferens no long is capable of carrying the sperms to the vaginal surface and hence no chance of fusion between sperms and eggs

Tubal ligation/tubectomy- the method follows the same protocol to that of the vasectomy. Just the difference is that in tubectomy a portion of the fallopian tubes is cut and then tied back.

34. Option E.

Explanation:

walls of the seminiferous tubules of the testis are lined by a set of tall cells; called sertoli cells or the sustentacular cells. Their functions include:

a) Providing nutrition to the growing spermatids

b) they release a hormone; ABP (Androgen binding protein) which helps in the concentration of testosterone

c) they also are found to secrete a hormone; Inhibin which suppresses the activity of FSH (Follicular Stimulating Hormone)

d) sertoli cells also acts a phagocyte thereby engulfing the extra amount of cytoplasm during spermatogenesis

e) the cell junctions of the sertoli cells are involved in maintaining and forming the blood to testis barriers which regulates the entry and exit of selected substances.

f) they are also involved in the secretions of the seminiferous tubules fluid which contains important nutrients for the development and nutrition of sperms.

35. Option A

Explanation:

During embryogenesis, a mullerian factor is produced which is responsible for the formation of the fallopian tubes and other reproductive organs of females. However for a male to be developed; an antimullerian factor is produced in the developing fetus which destroys the mullerian factor and eventually gives rise to the wolffian factor which is responsible for the development of the male gonads.

Later in the embryonic stages; genital tubercle; a reproductive tissue is formed in the foetus which is responsible for the formation of penile tissues in males and clitoric tissues in females.

Urethra folds are responsible for the formation of labia majora in females and likewise genital swellings are responsible for the formation of scrotal sacs in males.

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