(a) What human characteristics are considered in ergonomics? (3 marks) (b) The b
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Question
(a) What human characteristics are considered in ergonomics? (3 marks) (b) The basic components of the museuloskeletal system are muscles, joints and skelctal system. Deseribe the first, seond and third order levers in the human body, and provide examples of each (3 marks) (c) Anthropometric data describes population distributions for physical characteristics. List the two categories of anthropometric data and describe how they are used in ergonomics. (2 marks) (d The following population extremescn inuecthe Aiens of ficilities und equipment 6) 5th percentile female (ii) 95th percentile female (ii) 5th percentile male G) 95th percentile male What is the number of the preceding population extreme (, li, ii, ot iv) that most influences the designs listed as follows? () Maximum shelf height for women's lockers. (II) Men's locker room door height. (II) Aisle-way of a supermarket. dV) Height of a desk work surface (4 marks)Explanation / Answer
Ans 1:
The terms ergonomics and human characteristics are often used synonymously. It describes the interaction between the operator and task demands, and are concerned with trying to reduce unnecessary stress and resulting injury to persons engaged in a certain activity or operating certain equipment.
Ergonomics has traditionally focused on how work affects people.The emphasis in is on the design of systems that reduces the potential for system operation errors and prevent injury. Ergonomics may involve studies of physiological response to physically demanding work; environmental stressors such as heat, noise, and illumination; the performance of complex psychomotor tasks; and activity involving elements of visual-monitoring. The emphasis in ergonomics has been on ways to reduce fatigue by designing tasks within people's work capabilities. The goal of an ergonomics work program is to achieve the optimal match between persons doing work and the overall work environment.
Three groups of human characteristics:
(1) physical characteristics-Physical human factors include physical attributes of the human body such as height, weight, arm reach, center of gravity, etc.
(2) physiological characteristics-Physiological human factors include such things as muscle strength and endurance in different body positions, visual acuity,tolerance to extremes of temperature, frequency range of human hearing, etc.
(3) psychological or behavioral characteristics-Psychological or behavioral human factors include things such as mental reaction time to various stimuli, various acquired meanings associated with certain colors (red often means "danger"), the capabilities and limitations of short term memory, "expectancy" as an element of perception, etc. In addition, there are cultural norms that must also be taken into account.
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