LAB 3: Integumentary System Number the Layers of the Epidermis Number the layers

Question

LAB 3: Integumentary System Number the Layers of the Epidermis Number the layers of the epidermis from superficial (#1) to deep (#5). ORDER LAYER Stratum basale Stratum corneum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Answer the Following Consider the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis Which two are considered the main layers of the integument? 1. Which layer is not considered part of the integument? The main cell type in the skin is the Which cell type produces a pigment that darkens skin? Name the pigment produced. Discuss the function of this pigment. 2. 3. What protein makes the epidermis tough? How is this accomplished? 4. 36

Explanation / Answer

1) no the layers of epidermis ; #1 stratum corneum

#2 stratum granulosum

#3 stratum spinosum

#4 stratum basal

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING

1. main layers of the integument : a/ epidermis and dermis

b/ hypodermis

2. the main typeof cells present in skin are mesodermal cells and pigmentation cells such as melanocytes providing melanin ,which absorb some of the potentially dangerous ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.

3. a) melanocytes

b) melanin

c) the functions of melanin are as follows

melanin is an effective absorber of light. the pigment is able to dissipate over 99.9 percent of absorbed UV radiation . because of this property ,melanin is thought to protect skin cells from UVB radiation damage . in such a way it protect the skin against sunlight.

although dark skin does offer more natural protection from the sun's harmful rays than light skin but no one is immune to the damage caused by the sun.

4. a) keratinocytes produce keratin ,a tough, protective protein which makes the epidermis tough.

b) the toughning of epidermis is accomplised as follows;

the thin stratum granulosum consists of three to five layers in which keratinocytes appearence changes drastically ,and the process of keratinization begins .these cells flattened ,their nuclie and organelles begin to disintegrate, and they accumulate two types of granules the keratohyaline granules help to form keratin in the upper layers .the lamellated granules contain a water resistant glycolipid that is spewed into the extracellular space and is a major factor in slowing water loss across the epidermis .the plasma membranes of these cells thicken as cytosol proteins bind to the inner membrane face and lipids released by the lamellated granules coat their external surfaces. this makes them more resistant to destruction , so you might say that the keratinocytes are 'toughening up'' to make the outer strata the stongest skin region.

5.a) eccrine sweat gland ,which is controlled by the the sympathetic nervous system,regulates body temperature.

b) apocrine sweat glands become active around the age of puberty due to hormonal changes.

MATCH THE FOLLOWING TERMS

1-B   

2-E

3-F

4-C

5-D

6-A

  

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