A. The typical cascade for the female and what secondary sexual characteristics

Question

A. The typical cascade for the female and what secondary sexual characteristics occur as a result. B. The typical cascade for the male and what secondary sexual characteristics occur as a result. 7) A. Site a couple of examples of hormones that can influence the function of the brain from the article. 8) A. What is the "default" pattern of the fetus in terms of sexual development if not exposed to testosterone at certain critical times? What causes masculinization of the fetus in terms of physical features and brain development? Can the effect on brain develop effect subsequent behavior at a later time in life? B. C. 9) A. What is some of the evidence and theories mentioned in the article indicating that there is a biological basis for determining a person's sexual orientation?

Explanation / Answer

6.A. Female reproductive system comprises primary ( pair of ovaries which secrete estrogen and progesterone) and accessory(fallopian tubes,uterus,cervix,vagina) sex organs. The secondary characteristics involve are : 1. Fat deposition predominantly in breasts and hips 2. Breast development 3. Broadening of the pelvis 4. Growth of axillary and pubic hair.

B. Male reproductive system comprises primary(testis) and accessory(seminal vesicles, prostate gland,urethra,penis) sex organs. The secondary sexual characteristics involve are : 1. Increased larynx size and deepening of the voice 2. Increased muscular development 3. Growth of facial, axillary and pubic hair 4. Increased growth of body hair.

7. A. Androgens - testosterone,dihydrotestosterone ; estrogens- estradiol,estrone,estriol; progestins-progesterone. Check for the article too.

8. A. In the absence of testosterone wolffian duct regresses and female sex organs develop from mullerian duct.

B. It is due to the anabolic effects of testosterone on proteins.It accelerates transport of amino acids into the muscle cells, synthesis of proteins and storage of proteins. It also decreases breakdown of the proteins.

C. Androgen effects brain development as well as behaviour.Antenatal exposure to atypical hormone environment leads to alterations in human behaviour that show sex differences. These include childhood play, sexual orientation, gender identity and personal characteristics such as aggression and empathy.

9. A. It depends on interplay of genetic factors, the early uterine environment and brain structure.To get the proper answer please look into the article which is not given in this question.

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